BAYAN CHOLG‘USIDA POLIFONIK ASARLARNI IJRO ETISHDA ZAMONAVIY VA TEXNOLOGIK YONDASHUVLAR

KIRISH: Bayan cholg‘usi o‘zining qisqa tarixiy taraqqiyoti davomida oddiy xalq cholg‘usidan murakkab akademik instrument darajasiga ko‘tarildi. Polifoniya, xususan, I.S. Bax, G.F. Gendel kabi barokko davri kompozitorlari hamda zamonaviy polifonistlarning asarlari bayan ijrochisi uchun eng oliy imtihon hisoblanadi. Bugungi kunda ijrochilik mahoratini oshirishda nafaqat an’anaviy pedagogik usullar, balki texnologik yondashuvlar — ya’ni cholg‘uning konstruktiv imkoniyatlarini maksimal darajada ishlatish va raqamli vositalar yordamida ijro sifatini nazorat qilish dolzarb masalaga aylandi. MAQSAD: Tadqiqotning maqsadi — bayan ijrochiligida polifonik asarlarni o‘rganishning innovatsion metodikasini ishlab chiqish, talabalarda ko‘p ovozli musiqiy tafakkurni shakllantirishda zamonaviy texnologiyalarning o‘rnini belgilash va amaliy tavsiyalar berishdir. MATERIALLAR VA METODLAR: Maqola ustida ishlashda quyidagi usullardan foydalanildi: Sistemali tahlil: Polifonik asarlardagi vertikal (garmonik) va gorizontal (melodik) munosabatlarning bayan klaviaturasidagi aksini o‘rganish. Akustik tahlil: Bayan sadosining registrlararo mutanosibligini zamonaviy ovoz yozish texnologiyalari orqali tekshirish. Eksperimental metod: O‘quv jarayonida talabalarning ijrosini "Audio-feedback" (qayta aloqa) tizimi yordamida tahlil qilish. NATIJA VA MUHOKAMA: konstruktiv-texnologik yondashuv: Tanlovli (Выборный) tizim Polifonik asarlarning asosi — ovozlar mustaqilligidir. Traditsion (tayyor akkordli) bayanlarda chap qo‘l faqat jo‘rnavozlik vazifasini bajarsa, zamonaviy tayyortanlovli bayanlar har ikki qo‘lda ham teng huquqli melodik chiziqlarni ijro etish imkonini beradi. Natija: Tanlovli tizimda kontrapunkt qonuniyatlarini to‘liq aks ettirish, ya’ni chap qo‘lda ham fuga mavzusini xuddi o‘ng qo‘ldagidek tiniq va mustaqil artikulatsiyada ijro etish imkoniyati paydo bo‘ladi. Artikulyatsiya va Shtrixlar texnologiyasi Polifoniyada har bir ovoz o‘z harakteriga ega. Zamonaviy yondashuvda quyidagi texnik usullar muhim: Differentsial artikulyatsiya: Bir qo‘lning o‘zida (masalan, o‘ng qo‘lda) bir vaqtning o‘zida legato va non legato shtrixlarini qo‘llash. Dinamik muvozanat: Bayan mo‘ynasi (mex) bilan ishlashda har bir ovozning dinamik darajasini raqamli datchiklar kabi aniqlikda boshqarish. Raqamli texnologiyalarni tatbiq etish. Zamonaviy talaba uchun quyidagi texnologik vositalar tavsiya etiladi: Smartfon va planshetlar: Ijroni video formatda yozib olib, barmoqlar harakati va mo‘yna (mex) harakatining asar tempiga mosligini vizual tahlil qilish. DAW (Digital Audio Workstation) dasturlari: Ableton Live yoki Cubase kabi dasturlarda asarni qatlamma-qatlam (har bir ovozni alohida) yozib, so‘ngra ularni birlashtirib eshitish. Bu talabaga o‘z xatolarini "tashqaridan" eshitish imkonini beradi. Elektron Metronomlar: Murakkab polifoniya ritmini poliritmiya rejimida mashq qilish. XULOSA: Bayan cholg‘usida polifonik asarlarni ijro etish murakkab psixofiziologik jarayon bo‘lib, u ijrochidan yuqori intellektni talab qiladi. Tadqiqotlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, zamonaviy texnologik yondashuvlar (tanlovli tizim, raqamli tahlil, audio-vizual nazorat) o‘quv jarayonini 30-40% gacha tezlashtiradi. Nukus filiali sharoitida ushbu metodikalarni qo‘llash talabalarning respublika va xalqaro tanlovlarda raqobatbardoshligini ta’minlashning asosiy garovidir.

INTRODUCTION: throughout its relatively short historical development, the bayan has evolved from a simple folk instrument into a complex academic one. The performance of polyphony—specifically the works of Baroque composers such as J.S. Bach and G.F. Handel, as well as modern polyphonists—serves as the ultimate test for a bayanist. Today, in enhancing performance skills, it has become essential to integrate not only traditional pedagogical methods but also technological approaches. This involves maximizing the structural capabilities of the instrument and utilizing digital tools to monitor performance quality. AIM: the objective of this research is to develop an innovative methodology for studying polyphonic works on the bayan, to determine the role of modern technologies in forming multi-voiced musical thinking in students, and to provide practical recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the following methods were utilized in this study: Systemic Analysis: Studying the reflection of vertical (harmonic) and horizontal (melodic) relationships of polyphonic works on the bayan keyboard. Acoustic Analysis: Examining the register balance of the bayan sound using modern audio recording technologies. Experimental Method: Analyzing student performances during the learning process using an "Audio-feedback" system. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Constructive-Technological Approach: The Selective (Free-bass) System The foundation of polyphonic works is the independence of voices. While in traditional (standard-bass) bayans the left hand only performs an accompaniment function, modern ready-selective bayans allow for the execution of equal melodic lines in both hands. Result: The selective system allows for the full reflection of counterpoint laws, enabling the performance of a fugue theme in the left hand with the same clear and independent articulation as in the right hand. Articulation and Stroke Technology In polyphony, each voice possesses its own character. In the modern approach, the following technical methods are crucial: Differential Articulation: The simultaneous use of different strokes (e.g., legato and non-legato) within a single hand. Dynamic Balance: Controlling the dynamic level of each voice during bellows (bellowsshaking) work with precision comparable to digital sensors. Implementation of Digital Technologies The following technological tools are recommended for the modern student: Smartphones and Tablets: Recording performances in video format to visually analyze finger movements and the coordination of bellows movement with the tempo of the piece. DAW (Digital Audio Workstation) Software: Recording the work layer-by-layer (each voice separately) in programs like Ableton Live or Cubase, then listening to them combined. This allows the student to hear their mistakes from an "outside" perspective. Electronic Metronomes: Practicing complex polyphonic rhythms using polyrhythm modes. CONCLUSION: performing polyphonic works on the bayan is a complex psychophysiological process that requires high intelligence from the performer. Research indicates that modern technological approaches (selective system, digital analysis, audio-visual monitoring) accelerate the learning process by 30-40%. Applying these methodologies in the context of the Nukus branch is key to ensuring the competitiveness of students in national and international competitions.