DESCRIPTION OF SOCIAL LIFE IN GEORGE ORWELL'S NOVEL "ANIMAL FARM"

"ANIMAL FARM"

Rajabova Zilola Oybek qizi

National university of Uzbekistan

+99888-864-08-68

Annotation: This article contains information about the social system depicted in Animal Farm, including ideas about equality and its impact on society. By examining the changing power dynamics among the animals and their consequences, we understand how Orwell represents the fragility of social justice and the ongoing struggle for equality.

Keywords: social, George Orwell, freedom, equality, Soviet Union, life, independence, allegory, communist.

Social life encompasses human relationships, cooperation, and collective living activities. For any society to achieve stability, progress, and social harmony, equality and freedom must serve as fundamental pillars. These two principles have been vital throughout human history and remain essential values in today’s democratic societies. Equality means that all citizens, regardless of race, religion, gender, or social background, possess the same rights and opportunities. When equality is ensured in a society, every individual feel valued and necessary. This increases social engagement and motivates people to contribute to the development of their community. Providing equal access to education, healthcare, and employment allows every segment of the population to realize their potential.

Freedom includes the right to express one's opinion freely, follow one's beliefs, and actively participate in social life. It enables individuals to understand themselves, think creatively, and choose their own paths. In an environment where people feel free, innovation, new ideas, and creativity emerge, all of which drive social progress. However, freedom must be balanced with responsibility, as unlimited freedom can lead to disorder and instability. Equality and freedom are complementary concepts. If freedom exists without equality, dominant groups may oppress the weaker ones, deepening social injustice. On the other hand, if equality exists without freedom, individuals may be unable to fully express or realize their potential. Therefore, these two principles must coexist in harmony within society. In order to advance social life, it is essential to create an environment in which every individual feels both equal and free. This strengthens social unity, prevents conflict, and ensures general prosperity within society. At the foundation of every developed society lie the principles of equality and freedom. Social justice is based on the balance between equality of power and freedom. Ensuring the fair distribution of rights and protecting the rights of individuals guarantees that every person can experience freedom and equality. The integration of equality of power and freedom helps to create social justice, which contributes to the stability and development of society. It can be seen in many works that the rights to live freely, think independently, and be equal are important for all times. In this regard, the German-American physicist Albert Einstein expresses his opinion on freedom as follows: “World peace can only be stable on the foundation of social justice.”[1;116] Freedom and independence allow individuals to express themselves without constraints. This enables them to unlock their abilities and potential, and provides a foundation for creativity and scientific achievements.As the english writer George Orwell said: Freedom is the right to say things that people do not want to hear.”[2;132] This statement underscores the vital role of free expression in protecting democratic values and human rights. When only “convenient” or widely accepted opinions are allowed, the broader concepts of openness and impartiality are compromised. Orwell stresses that a genuine democratic environment must enable the expression of all viewpoints, even those that challenge mainstream ideas. The quote also serves as a clarion call against censorship and any measures by authorities that restrict free speech. Orwell’s work frequently touches on how such controls can undermine real freedom, leading to harmful consequences in society.

One of those works Animal Farm is a unique allegory that unveils the paradoxical evolution of political power and social change. In the novel, the animal society initially embraces the ideal of “all animals are equal” and “all animals are free.”[3;136] However, as the narrative unfolds, the revolutionary spirit is gradually subverted through the mechanisms of power and control, leading to injustice, inequality, and the suppression of freedom. In Animal Farm, the animals strive for selfgovernance with the aim of attaining true freedom and equality. Yet, due to internal competition, the lust for power, and the uneven distribution of resources, the original revolutionary objectives become distorted. Through this transformation, Orwell demonstrates that equality, justice, and freedom are not only the foundational ideals that spark revolutionary change but also enduring values that must be vigilantly protected and continuously renewed in society. The author's thoughts on equality and inequalities in the former Soviet era are important: “All animals are equal. But some animals are more equal than others”.[4;201] Undoubtedly, the author wants to warn the whole world about Soviet ideology through this work, and the main events are described in the same way as the processes in the former Soviet Union, for example, animal characters referred to humans:

• The mayor is the founder of the idea of an animal society, before his death he

bequeaths the construction of a "free animal society" (by analogy, this image can

be equated with the founders of communist ideology - Friedrich Engels and Karl

Marx;

• Snowball is one of the organizers of the revolution and one of the progressive

leaders of society. But he is later expelled by Napoleon and his name is also

blackened. (By comparison, Leon Trotsky is much closer to this image –

because it was Trotsky who was removed from all positions by Stalin for

opposing his communist views and later killed.)

• Napoleon - the leader of the animal society, later the animal genius

(comparatively Stalin and the leaders of the communist state after him)

• Benjamin is a wise old donkey, knows a lot, is intelligent, but prefers to stay out

of things (this can be compared to the intelligentsia, who understands everything,

but refrains from getting involved in politics).

• Boxer is a hardworking horse who puts the success of society above his own

health and is ultimately sent to the slaughterhouse (the hardworking (Soviet)

population can be compared to this image.)[5;3]

The world today still struggles with issues such as political corruption, social injustice, inequality, and the abuse of power—all of which are central themes in Animal Farm.

Furthermore, with the rise of authoritarian tendencies in various parts of the world, the spread of propaganda through digital media, and the widening of socioeconomic disparities, Orwell's work is a timely reminder of the fragility of democratic values and the importance of civic consciousness. The allegorical nature of the novel allows it to be used as an analytical tool for understanding historical and contemporary societal structures.

The study of Animal Farm can help students and scholars understand how literature can reflect, critique, and influence society. Thus, this paper provides an exploration of the salient issues that are relevant to today's global society.

REFERENCES

1.Einstein, A. Ideas and Opinions. New York: Crown Publishers. 1955 2.Gorge Orwell. Nineteen Eighty-Four. London: Secker & Warburg. 1949 3. George Orwell: Life in Letters 4.George Orwell: Animal farm. Secker & Warburg .1945 5. https://spark.adobe.com/page/yZQa8BcKtZRHd/