GRAMMAR PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION

GRAMMAR PROBLEMS OF TRANSLATION

Nozima Gulimboyeva Azimboy qizi

gulimboyevanozima@gmail.com

Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature

Abstract: Translation is the process of converting a text from one language to another. It is a complex task that requires a deep understanding of grammar, syntax, vocabulary, and cultural nuances. One of the biggest challenges faced by translators is dealing with grammar problems. This article discusses some of the most common grammar problems encountered during translation and provides solutions to overcome them.

Key words: Translation, grammar, syntax, vocabulary, cultural nuances.

Introduction:

Translation is an essential activity in today's globalized world. It is the process of converting a text from one language to another. It is a complex task that requires a deep understanding of grammar, syntax, vocabulary, and cultural nuances. Translation is used in various fields like literature, business, law, medicine, and politics.

One of the biggest challenges faced by translators is dealing with grammar problems. Inaccurate grammar can lead to a misinterpretation of the original text and create confusion among readers. In this article, we will discuss some of the most common grammar problems encountered during translation and provide solutions to overcome them.

Common Grammar Problems in Translation:

1. Word Order: One of the most significant issues in translation is the word order. Each language has a specific syntax, and the order of words in a sentence can significantly affect the meaning. For example, in English, the object usually comes after the verb, while in Uzbek, the object usually comes before the verb. Translators must be aware of these differences and rearrange the words to maintain the meaning the meaning of the original text.

2. Tenses: Tenses are another common grammar problem encountered during translation. Each language has a different way of expressing past, present, and future tenses. For example, in English, the past tense is formed by adding "-ed" to the verb, while in Uzbek, the past tense is formed by changing the ending of the verb. Translators must ensure that the tense used in the translated text matches the tense used in the original text. The English Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous verb is usually translated by the Uzbek past tense verb, since it indicates a ‘prepresent’ action: Who has eaten my soup? – Kim sho’rvamni ichdi?

3. Articles also pose a challenge in translation. In English, there are two types of articles, "a/an" and "the," while in some languages, such as Chinese and Uzbek, there are no articles at all. Translators must decide whether to include or omit articles in the translated text, depending on the rules of the target language.

4. Prepositions: Prepositions are another grammar problem that can cause confusion in translation. For example, in English, we say "in the car," while in Uzbek, we say "mashinada" or " mashina ichida " Translators must pay careful attention to the prepositions used in the original text and ensure that they are translated accurately in the target language.

5. Idioms: Idioms are expressions that have a figurative meaning that is different from the literal meaning of the words. Idioms can be challenging to translate because they are unique to each language and culture. Translators must understand the cultural context of the original text to accurately translate idioms. For exampe, English idiom “to butter somebody up” should be translated as “ kimgadir paxta qo’ymoq” in Uzbek. Below, soe English common idioms translated into Uzbek:

* disappear into thin air = havoga uchmoq, ko’zdan g’oyib bo’lmoq

* go with the flow = oqim bo’ylab harakatlanmoq

*keep nose clean = burnini suqmaslik

* kill with kindness = asalning ham ozi shirin

* make light of situation = vaziyatni yengillashtirmoq

6. False Cognates: False cognates are words that look similar in two languages but have different meanings. For example, the word "non" in English means "without," while in Uzbek, it means "bread." In addition, the word “ family” is a false cognate with the Uzbek word “ familiya”. Translators must be aware of false cognates and ensure that they are not used in the translated text.

7. Gender: Some languages, such as French and Spanish, have gender-specific nouns and pronouns. Translators must ensure that the gender used in the correct form in order to avoid misunderstandings

8 Translating gerund: The gerund does not have a regular analogue in Uzbek to the adverbial participle (harakat nomi). It is more similar to a verbal noun than an adverbial participle.

The gerund can be rendered in the following ways:

• the noun: " A woman’s idea of keeping a secret is refusing to tell who told it". – "Ayolning sir saqlash fikri, bu uni kim aytganini oshkor qilishni rad etish edi"

• the infinitive: "There’s nothing more tragic in life than the utter impossibility of changing what you have done". – "Hayotda qilgan ishingizni o'zgartirishning mutlaqo mumkin emasligidan ko'ra fojialiroq narsa yo'q".

• the adverbial participle: "Learn to swim by swimming". – "Suzishni suzib o'rgan".

• the clause: "I am always ready to learn, but I do not always like being taught". (Churchill) – "Men o'qishga doim tayyorman, lekin o'rgatishlariga emas". The gerundial construction is always translated by the clause.

Conclusion

There are various translation challenges in the translation industry, just as there are in any other profession; some are experienced by translators, others by clients, and some may be termed structural problems since they constitute a problem for translation itself. Language structural differences, cultural differences, compound words... In this essay, we will discuss both the major structural problems in translation and the major translation obstacles faced by translators, clients, and the industry as a whole. Although we cannot provide a solution to every single translation problem, we can assist you lessen their impact with some advice gleaned from experience.

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