MUSTAQILLIK ARAFASIDA O`ZBEKISTONDA TURIZM SOHASINING HOLATI

Kirish: mazkur maqolada XX asrning so‘nggi choragida jahon turizm sohasining jadal rivojlanishi hamda uning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ahamiyati yoritilgan. Xususan, 1980–1990-yillarda xalqaro turizm oqimlari va daromadlarining keskin oshishi turizmning strategik tarmoqqa aylanganini ko‘rsatib berilgan. Shu bilan birga, sovet davrida O‘zbekistonda turizm sohasining rivojlanishiga to‘sqinlik qilgan omillar, jumladan, markazlashgan boshqaruv tizimi, mablag‘ yetishmasligi, infratuzilmaning sust rivojlanganligi va mafkuraviy yondashuv tahlil etilgan. Maqolada 1950–1990-yillar davomida mavjud muammo va kamchiliklar bilan bir qatorda ayrim ijobiy o‘zgarishlar ham ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Statistik ma’lumotlar asosida turizm ko‘rsatkichlarining o‘sish dinamikasi ochib berilib, 1985–1990-yillarda sohada yuzaga kelgan inqiroz sabablari asoslantirilgan. Yakunda, O‘zbekistonda turizmni rivojlantirishda mustaqil boshqaruv, infratuzilmani rivojlantirish va bozor mexanizmlarini joriy etish zarurligi xulosa sifatida ilgari surilgan. Maqsad: 1980–1990 yillarda jahon turizmining o‘sishini tahlil qilish va sovet davrida O‘zbekistondagi turizm sohasidagi muammolar hamda ijobiy o‘zgarishlarni ko‘rsatish. Materiallar va metodlar: tarixiy-statistik tahlil, xalqaro turizm tendensiyalarini qiyosiy o‘rganish va sovet davri siyosatini interpretativ tahlil qilish metodlari qo‘llanildi. 1950–1990 yillardagi statistik ma’lumotlar asosida turizm o‘sish dinamikasi ko‘rsatildi. Natijalar va muhokama: tadqiqot natijalari 1980-yillarda xalqaro turizm oqimlari keskin ortib, turizm iqtisodiyotning strategik sohasi sifatida shakllanganini ko‘rsatdi. O‘zbekistonda esa markazlashgan boshqaruv, mablag‘ yetishmasligi va mafkuraviy cheklovlar turizm rivojlanishini sekinlashtirdi. shunga qaramay, sanatoriylar, bolalar turizmi dasturlari va madaniy ekskursiyalar kabi ijobiy o‘zgarishlar kuzatildi. 1985–1990 yillardagi inqiroz iqtisodiy turg‘unlik, infratuzilmaning sustligi va bozor mexanizmlarining yo‘qligi bilan bog‘liq edi. Xulosa: O‘zbekistonda turizmni rivojlantirish uchun mustaqil boshqaruv, infratuzilmani modernizatsiya qilish va bozor mexanizmlarini joriy etish zarur. XX asr oxiridagi jahon turizmi tajribasi innovatsiya va ochiqlikning barqaror rivojlanish uchun muhimligini ko‘rsatadi.

Introduction: this article examines the rapid development of the global tourism industry in the last quarter of the 20th century and highlights its growing socio-economic importance. In particular, the sharp increase in international tourist flows and revenues during 1980–1990 demonstrates the transformation of tourism into a strategic sector of the economy. At the same time, the paper analyzes the factors that hindered the development of tourism in Uzbekistan during the Soviet period, including centralized governance, insufficient funding, underdeveloped infrastructure, and ideological constraints. Along with existing problems and shortcomings, certain positive developments in the tourism sector between 1950 and 1990 are also discussed. Based on statistical data, the dynamics of tourism growth are revealed, and the causes of the crisis in the sector during 1985–1990 are substantiated. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of independent management, infrastructure development, and the introduction of market mechanisms for the advancement of tourism in Uzbekistan. Purpose: to analyze the global growth of tourism during 1980–1990 and to examine the specific challenges and developments in Uzbekistan’s tourism sector during the Soviet period. Materials and Methods: the study applies historical-statistical analysis, comparative review of international tourism trends, and interpretative examination of Soviet-era policies. statistical data from 1950–1990 are used to trace the dynamics of tourism growth. Results and Discussion: findings show that international tourism flows increased sharply in the 1980s, turning tourism into a strategic economic sector. however, in Uzbekistan, centralized governance, lack of investment, and ideological restrictions hindered tourism development. despite these challenges, certain positive developments such as the establishment of sanatoriums, children’s tourism programs, and cultural excursions were observed. the crisis of 1985–1990 was linked to economic stagnation, poor infrastructure, and limited market mechanisms. Conclusion: the advancement of tourism in Uzbekistan requires independent management, infrastructure modernization, and the adoption of market-based approaches. lessons from global tourism growth in the late 20th century highlight the importance of innovation and openness in ensuring sustainable development of the sector.