O‘RTA OSIYO HUDUDI MASALASIDA RUS-INGLIZ RAQOBATINING VUJUDGA KELISHIDA JOSUSLIK HARAKATI

Kirish: maqolada rus-ingliz raqobatining vujudga kelishi va bunda xizmat qilgan josus va elchilarning faoliyati batafsil manbalar asosida yoritib berilgan va tahlil qilingan. Maqsad: rus-ingliz raqobatining tarixiy ildizlarini o‘rganish, josuslar va elchilar faoliyatini tahlil qilish hamda ularning mustamlakachilik siyosati va xalqaro munosabatlarga ta’sirini ko‘rsatish. Materiallar va metodlar: tarixiy manbalar, arxiv hujjatlari va rus hamda ingliz ekspeditsiyalarining qiyosiy tahlili asos qilib olindi. yarmarkalar, koloniyalar va protektoratlar josuslik va diplomatik missiyalarni amalga oshirishda muhim omil sifatida ko‘rib chiqildi. Natijalar va muhokama: tadqiqot natijalari josuslar va elchilar xomashyo, savdo yo‘llari va mahalliy boshqaruv haqida ma’lumot to‘plashda muhim rol o‘ynaganini ko‘rsatdi. ularning faoliyati mustamlakachilik siyosatiga ta’sir ko‘rsatib, Hindiston va Markaziy Osiyo kabi hududlarda kuchlar muvozanatini shakllantirdi. yarmarkalar va ekspeditsiyalar ko‘pincha razvedka uchun niqob bo‘lib xizmat qilgan, protektoratlar esa diplomatik raqobat maydoniga aylangan. Xulosa: rus-ingliz raqobati josuslik va diplomatiya bilan chambarchas bog‘liq bo‘lgan. josuslar va elchilar faoliyati ikki imperiyaning geosiyosiy maqsadlarini ifodalabgina qolmay, balki sharqdagi mustamlakachilik va xalqaro munosabatlarning o‘zgarishiga ham hissa qo‘shgan.

Introduction: the article covers and analyzes the emergence of Russian-English competition and the activities of spies and ambassadors who served in it based on detailed sources. Purpose: to examine the historical roots of Russian-English competition, focusing on the activities of spies and ambassadors, and to highlight their influence on colonial expansion and international relations. Materials and Methods: the study relies on historical sources, archival documents, and comparative analysis of Russian and English expeditions. attention is given to the role of fairs, colonies, and protectorates in facilitating espionage and diplomatic missions. Results and Discussion: findings show that spies and ambassadors were instrumental in gathering intelligence on raw materials, trade routes, and local governance. their activities influenced colonial policies and shaped the balance of power in regions such as India and Central Asia. fairs and expeditions often served as cover for reconnaissance missions, while protectorates became arenas of diplomatic rivalry. Conclusion: the Russian-English competition was deeply intertwined with espionage and diplomacy. the activities of spies and ambassadors not only reflected the geopolitical ambitions of both empires but also contributed to the transformation of colonial and international relations in the east.