USING THE DESIGN METHOD IN PRIMARY GRADES

USING THE DESIGN METHOD IN PRIMARY GRADES

Haydarkulova Mahliyo Zafarovna

Teacher at Zarmed University

Abstract. This article provides information on the importance, advantages and methods of using projects and design in primary school classes. The possibilities of developing independent thinking, practical skills and teamwork skills in students through this method are analyzed.

Key words: project, logical thinking, creative thinking, independent work, school textbooks, teamwork, design method.

Annotatsiya. Mazkur maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf darslarida loyihalar va loyihalashdan foydalanishning ahamiyati, afzalliklari va foydalanish usullari haqida ma’lumot berilgan. Mazkur metod orqali o‘quvchilarda mustaqil fikrlash, amaliy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish va jamoada ishlash malakasini rivojlantirish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi.

Kalit so‘zlar: loyiha, mantiqiy fikrlash, ijodiy tafakkur, mustaqil ish, maktab darsliklari, jamoada ishlash, loyihalash metodi.

Аннотация. В статье представлена информация о важности, преимуществах и методах использования проектов и дизайна на уроках начальной школы. Этот метод анализирует возможности учащихся развивать самостоятельное мышление, практические навыки и навыки командной работы.

Ключевые слова: проект, логическое мышление, творческое мышление, самостоятельная работа, школьные учебники, командная работа, метод проектирования.

In the process of teaching primary grades, new methods and approaches are important for increasing the level of students' mastery, teaching them to think actively and independently. One of such approaches is project-based learning. With the help of projects, students are not only given theoretical knowledge, but also taught to solve real-life problems, think creatively, work in a team and make independent decisions. Teaching primary grade students through projects helps to increase their interest in lessons, develop reading and writing skills, and also form life competencies.

A project is a set of documents, including calculations, drawings, and figures, for the creation of a product or structure. A project is a set of solutions to problems arising from ideas, a means of solving them, and the process of implementing the results obtained. A project is an event or process that occurs in a certain sequence over a certain period of time and leads to a unique result. It is appropriate to distinguish between the broad and narrow meanings of the term project. In the current conditions, there is no sphere of activity in society that does not operate on the basis of projects.

In particular, the use of the design method in the educational process, instilling design skills in the younger generation is a complex, but design is a process that directly affects the interests of the state and society. It requires willpower, consistency, great resourcefulness, dedication, and most importantly, serious aspiration and motivation from both educational subjects. According to sources, the project method appeared in the USA in the second half of the 19th century, and its founder is the American educator and psychologist John Dewey. He viewed the project of the educational process as a value-oriented, deeply motivated, highly organized, purposeful professional activity aimed at changing educational reality.

According to the subject and content of the project: a project that includes a single subject area and a systematic design of interdisciplinary activities are distinguished into research projects. In addition, according to the nature of the project: a project aimed at obtaining a specific result, a project aimed at achieving a variety of results; The participants participating in it are divided into projects designed to work individually, in pairs, or in small groups.

In addition, depending on the scale: a class, an entire school, a city or district, a region, a country, or a world-wide project, and depending on the duration: short-term project, long-term project. It is important that the form and type of the project are strictly focused on specific didactic goals, and the level of the audience is taken into account. Design competence requires cooperation and responsibility from educational participants. Responsibility and cooperation, in turn, teach the student to be active, independent thinking, creativity and research, to ensure constant motivation for knowledge, and to engage in positive communication.

The process of developing pedagogical design competence of future primary education teachers requires the use of an interdisciplinary systematic approach, since the lack of creativity in any pedagogical situation creates gaps in creative and professional activity. Therefore, it is advisable to fully organize the training of future primary education teachers in educational institutions in the pedagogical process and design it based on the use of various tools and methods. The work on the educational process consists of two parts: lesson design and its implementation. The development of design skills in the educational process of students of the primary education direction allows them to identify problems, correctly set goals, plan, and implement them. At the stage of identifying the problem, students have difficulties in analyzing the contradictions and problems in each subject in the process of teaching specialized subjects, and these difficulties are associated with insufficiently developed mental operations of analysis, comparison, and synthesis.

This is to some extent due to the fact that today's youth are accustomed to quickly searching for information and finding ready-made answers.This is done on the basis of establishing close cooperation between the teacher and the student in the process of describing and analyzing the problem situation, performing tasks on editing the problem in the process of designing a solution to the problem. At this stage of the design activity, some topics from specialized disciplines were developed on the basis of design and methods appropriate to the topics were used.

Projects teach students to think creatively. Students generate new ideas by creating a project on a topic of their own choosing or given by the teacher. This process encourages students to analyze problems and find solutions. For example, students can develop a project on the topic of ecology, in which they learn how to protect our natural resources and share ideas with others. In addition, projects are often carried out in groups. This helps students develop teamwork skills. They work effectively by helping each other, exchanging ideas, and sharing responsibility.

Projects give students the opportunity to put their knowledge into practice. This helps develop students' self-study and self-control skills, especially in the primary grades. Students learn independently by studying a variety of sources, analyzing different points of view on a problem, and sharing their thoughts with others.

Using projects in primary schools is one of the best ways to make the learning process interactive, interesting and effective. Through this method, students can develop not only academic knowledge, but also life skills such as creative thinking, teamwork, independent decision-making. Projects increase students' interest in lessons and contribute greatly to their overall development.

List of references: 1. Resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated April 29, 2019 №. 5712 “On approval of the Concept of development of the public education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030”. 2. Navruzov I.N. “The main specific purpose and effectiveness of project-based education” “Education and innovation research” (2021 №. 6) 3. Haydarkulova M.Z. “The importance of designing educational content” “PEDAGOGICAL SKILLS” scientific-theoretical and methodological journal. 2024, issue 11 4. Haydarkulova M.Z. “Preparing future primary school teachers for designing educational content” Journal of Education and Innovations №. 10 2024