KIRISH: til odamlarning atrofimizdagi dunyoni, jumladan, hayvonot dunyosini o'ziga xos tarzda idrok etish usullarini aks ettiradi. Rus va o'zbek tillarida hayvonlarning harakatlari, tovushlari va xatti-harakatlarini tavsiflovchi ko'plab fe'llar mavjud. Bu fe'llar o'ziga xos tasviriy xususiyatlarga va milliy va madaniy o'ziga xoslikka ega. Bunday fe'llarni qiyosiy o'rganish lingvistik ifodaning umumiy naqshlari va milliy xususiyatlarini ochib beradi. MAQSAD: ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi hayvonlarning xatti-harakatlari va tovushlarini tasvirlash uchun ishlatiladigan rus va o'zbek fe'llarining ishlatilishidagi o'xshashliklar va farqlarni aniqlash, shuningdek, ularning semantik va funktsional xususiyatlarini aniqlashdir. MATERIALLAR VA USULLAR: Tadqiqot hayvonlarning harakatlari va tovushlarini bildiruvchi rus va o'zbek fe'llariga qaratilgan (masalan, vovlash – hurmoq, miyovlamoq – miyovlamoq, g'urramoq – irillamoq va boshqalar). Tadqiqotda qiyosiy tahlil, leksik-semantik tahlil, tavsifiy tahlil va lug'atlar va badiiy matnlarga asoslangan kontekstual tahlil elementlari qo'llanildi. NATIJALAR VA MUHOKAMA: tadqiqot ikkala tilda ham hayvonlarning tovushlari va xatti-harakatlarini ifodalovchi ixtisoslashgan fe'llar mavjudligi aniqlandi. Bu fe'llarning ko'pchiligi to'g'ridan-to'g'ri semantik mosliklarga ega. Masalan, rus tilidagi "bark" fe'li o'zbek tilidagi "hurmoq" fe'liga, "miyovlamoq" fe'liga va "grow" irillamoq fe'liga mos keladi. Biroq, ba'zi hollarda farqlar kuzatiladi: rus tilida torroq ixtisoslashgan fe'llar ishlatilishi mumkin, o'zbek tilida esa bitta so'z bir nechta o'xshash harakatlarni ifodalashi mumkin. Har bir tilning fonetik xususiyatlarini aks ettiruvchi onomatopoeik shakllardan foydalanish ham qayd etilgan. XULOSA: yovvoyi tabiatni tasvirlovchi rus va o'zbek fe'llarining qiyosiy tahlili hayvonlarning xatti-harakatlarini lingvistik tasvirlashdagi o'xshashliklarni ham, farqlarni ham ochib beradi. Semantikaning umumiyligi tabiiy hodisalarni idrok etishning universalligi bilan izohlanadi, farqlar esa milliy, madaniy va lingvistik xususiyatlar bilan bog'liq. Olingan natijalar tilshunoslik, tarjima va rus va o'zbek tillarini o'qitish sohalarida foydali bo'lishi mumkin.
INTRODUCTION: language reflects how people perceive the surrounding world, including the animal world. In both Russian and Uzbek languages, there are many verbs that describe the movements, sounds, and behavior of animals. These verbs possess a certain imagery and national-cultural specificity. The comparative study of such verbs makes it possible to identify common patterns and national characteristics of linguistic expression. AIM: the purpose of this study is to identify the parallels and differences in the use of Russian and Uzbek verbs used to describe the behavior and sounds of animals, as well as to determine their semantic and functional features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the research material consists of verbs in the Russian and Uzbek languages that denote the actions and sounds of animals (for example: лаять – hurmoq, мяукать – miyovlamoq, рычать – irillamoq, etc.). The study uses methods of comparative analysis, lexical-semantic analysis, descriptive method, and elements of contextual analysis based on dictionaries and literary texts. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: the results of the study show that both languages have special verbs that convey the sounds and behavior of animals. Many of them have direct semantic correspondences. For example, the Russian verb лаять corresponds to the Uzbek hurmoq, мяукать to miyovlamoq, and рычать to irillamoq. However, in some cases there are differences: in Russian more specialized verbs may be used, whereas in Uzbek one word can convey several similar actions. The use of onomatopoeic forms is also observed, reflecting the phonetic features of each language. CONCLUSION: the comparative analysis of Russian and Uzbek verbs describing the animal world shows both similarities and differences in the linguistic representation of animal behavior. The similarity in semantics is explained by the universality of human perception of natural phenomena, while the differences are related to national-cultural and linguistic characteristics. The results of the study can be useful in linguistics, translation studies, and in teaching Russian and Uzbek languages.
ResearcherUz