KIRISH: til nafaqat muloqot vositasi, balki xalq madaniyati, dunyoqarashi va mentalitetining ham aksi hisoblanadi. Lingvistik xususiyatlarni o'rganish bizga turli madaniyatlarning kontseptual dunyoqarashlaridagi farqlarni aniqlash imkonini beradi. Ushbu tadqiqotning dolzarbligi rus va o'zbek tillari o'z so'zlashuvchilarining fikrlash xususiyatlari va madaniy qadriyatlarini qanday aks ettirishini tushunish zarurati bilan belgilanadi. Bu farqlarni tushunish madaniyatlararo muloqot, tarjima va til o'qitish uchun muhimdir. Ushbu maqolada til rus va o'zbek tillaridan misollar sifatida foydalanib, madaniyat ko'zgusi sifatida ko'rib chiqiladi. Ushbu maqolada har bir xalqning o'ziga xos qadriyatlari, dunyoqarashlari va ruhiy munosabatlarini aks ettiruvchi o'ziga xos lingvistik va kontseptual dunyoqarashlar tahlil qilinadi. Urg'u farqlariga alohida e'tibor qaratiladi: rus tili hissiy va axloqiy boylik va tushunchalarning falsafiy chuqurligi bilan ajralib turadi, o'zbek tili esa kollektivizm, an'analarga hurmat va ijtimoiy uyg'unlikka urg'u beradi. Maqolada dunyoqarashdagi farqlarni ko'rsatadigan asosiy tushunchalar aniqlangan va ularning milliy o'ziga xoslik va madaniy normalarni qanday shakllantirishi ko'rsatilgan. Unda til nafaqat aloqa vositasi, balki madaniy qadriyatlarni saqlash va uzatish uchun muhim vosita bo'lib xizmat qilishi haqida xulosa qilinadi. MAQSAD: ushbu maqolaning maqsadi rus va o'zbek tillarining lingvistik va kontseptual dunyoqarashidagi farqlarni tahlil qilish, lug'at, frazeologiya va majoziy tasvirlarda aks ettirilgan madaniy va kognitiv xususiyatlarni aniqlashdir. MATERIALLAR VA USULLAR: Rus va o'zbek tillarining lug'at va frazeologik birliklari, qiyosiy matnlar, xalq maqollari va matallari hamda kognitiv tilshunoslik va madaniy tilshunoslik bo'yicha ilmiy ishlar. Tadqiqot usullari: Lingvistik ifodalardagi o'xshashliklar va farqlarni aniqlash uchun qiyosiy tahlil. Tildagi tushunchalarning aks etishini tahlil qilish uchun kognitiv yondashuv. Madaniy va aqliy xususiyatlarni talqin qilish uchun sifatli tahlil. Dunyoning kontseptual xaritalari tuzilishini aniqlash uchun tizimli usul. MATERIALLAR VA METODLAR: materiallar tarkibiga rus va o‘zbek tillarining leksikasi va frazeologizmlari, qiyosiy matnlar, xalq maqollari va matallari hamda kognitiv va madaniy tilshunoslik sohasidagi ilmiy tadqiqotlar kiradi. Qo‘llanilgan usullar: qiyosiy tahlil — tildagi ifodalarning o‘xshashlik va farqlarini aniqlash uchun; kognitiv yondashuv — tushunchalarning tilda aks etishini tahlil qilish uchun; sifat tahlili — madaniy va mental xususiyatlarni talqin qilish uchun; tizimli metod — konseptual dunyoqarash tuzilishini ochib berish uchun. NATIJALAR VA MUHOKAMA: tadqiqot shuni ko'rsatdiki, rus va o'zbek tillari turli madaniy va tarixiy kontekstlarni aks ettiradi. Rus tili tabiat, oila, ish va ijtimoiy tuzilish atrofida qurilgan tushunchalar bilan Yevropa mentalitetining yaqqol ta'sirini ko'rsatadi. O'zbek tili ma'naviy qadriyatlar, kollektivizm, mehmondo'stlik an'analari va oilaviy aloqalarga katta e'tibor beradi. Frazeologik birliklar va maqollar dunyoqarashdagi farqlarni ko'rsatadi: Rus tili ko'pincha tabiat, vaqt va shaxsiy ichki tajribalar bilan bog'liq metaforalardan foydalanadi. O'zbek tili ijtimoiy normalar, oilaviy va axloqiy qadriyatlarni, shuningdek, tarix va an'analar bilan bog'liqlikni aks ettiruvchi metaforalarni o'z ichiga oladi. Kontseptsiya tahlili shuni ko'rsatdiki, bir xil hodisalarni madaniy kontekstga qarab turlicha talqin qilish mumkin. Masalan, rus va o'zbek tillarida mehnat, do'stlik va kattalarga hurmat tushunchalari turli xil hissiy va qiymat ma'nolariga ega. Shunday qilib, til haqiqatan ham madaniyat ko'zgusi bo'lib, har bir millat so'zlovchilarining aqliy modellari, qadriyatlari va dunyoqarashlarini aks ettiradi. XULOSA: Rus va o'zbek tillari tarixiy, madaniy va ijtimoiy sharoitlar bilan shakllangan turli xil kontseptual dunyoqarashlarni ifodalaydi. Lingvistik farqlarni o'rganish ona tilida so'zlashuvchilarning madaniy qadriyatlari, fikrlash shakllari va mentalitetini chuqurroq tushunishga imkon beradi. Bu farqlarni tushunish madaniyatlararo muloqot, lingvistik ta'lim va tarjima uchun muhimdir. XULOSA: rus va o‘zbek tillari tarixiy, madaniy va ijtimoiy sharoitlar natijasida shakllangan o‘ziga xos konseptual dunyoqarashni ifodalaydi. Til farqlarini o‘rganish madaniy qadriyatlarni, kognitiv modellarni va til egalarining mentalitetini chuqurroq tushunishga yordam beradi. Ushbu farqlarni anglash madaniyatlararo muloqot, til ta’limi va tarjima faoliyati uchun o‘ta muhimdir.
INTRODUCTION: language is not only a means of communication but also a reflection of culture, worldview, and the mentality of a people. Studying linguistic features makes it possible to identify differences in the conceptual worldviews of different cultures. The relevance of this research is determined by the need to understand how Russian and Uzbek languages reflect the cognitive and cultural values of their speakers. Understanding these differences is important for intercultural communication, translation, and language teaching. This article examines language as a mirror of culture, using Russian and Uzbek as examples. It analyzes the specifics of the linguistic and conceptual worldview, which reflects the unique values, worldviews, and mental attitudes of each people. Special attention is given to differences in emphasis: Russian is characterized by emotional and moral richness and philosophical depth of concepts, while Uzbek emphasizes collectivism, respect for traditions, and social harmony. The study identifies key concepts that demonstrate differences in world perception and shows how they shape national identity and cultural norms. It is concluded that language is not only a tool for communication but also a crucial instrument for preserving and transmitting cultural values. AIM: the aim of this study is to analyze differences in the linguistic and conceptual worldviews of the Russian and Uzbek languages and to identify cultural and cognitive features reflected in vocabulary, phraseology, and figurative representations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: materials include the vocabulary and phraseological units of Russian and Uzbek, comparative texts, folk proverbs and sayings, and scientific studies in cognitive and cultural linguistics. Methods used: Comparative analysis — to identify similarities and differences in linguistic expressions.Cognitive approach — to analyze the reflection of concepts in language. Qualitative analysis — to interpret cultural and mental characteristics. Systemic method — to reveal the structure of conceptual worldviews. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: the study showed that Russian and Uzbek languages reflect different cultural and historical contexts. Russian exhibits a strong influence of European mentality, with concepts constructed around nature, family, labor, and social organization. In Uzbek, greater emphasis is placed on spiritual values, collectivism, traditions of hospitality, and family ties. Phraseological units and proverbs demonstrate differences in world perception: Russian frequently uses metaphors related to nature, time, and inner personal experiences, while Uzbek incorporates metaphors reflecting social norms, family and ethical values, as well as connections to history and traditions. The analysis of concepts showed that the same phenomena can be interpreted differently depending on the cultural context. For example, notions of labor, friendship, and respect for elders have different emotional and value nuances in Russian and Uzbek. Thus, language indeed acts as a mirror of culture, reflecting mental models, values, and specific ways of perceiving the world by speakers of each language. CONCLUSION: russian and Uzbek represent distinct conceptual worldviews shaped by historical, cultural, and social conditions. Studying linguistic differences allows for a deeper understanding of cultural values, cognitive patterns, and the mentality of language speakers. Understanding these differences is essential for intercultural communication, language education, and translation.
ResearcherUz