KIRISH: ushbu maqolada V.M. Garshin, V.S. Makanin va E.G. Vodolazkin nasridagi psixologik tasvir modellari taqqoslanadi. Nazariy asos Lidiya Ginzburg tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan psixologik nasr konsepsiyalariga, Mixail Baxtinning personaj ovozi haqidagi g'oyalariga va Viktor Vinogradovning badiiy nasr tili bo'yicha kuzatuvlariga asoslangan. Tahlil texnikalar tipologiyasini ochib beradi: klinik-ramziy (Garshin), "yer osti" suhbat va erkin bilvosita nutq (Makanin) va metafizik vektorli kundalik-mnemonik (Vodolazkin). MAQSAD: ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi Vsevolod Mixaylovich Garshin, Vladimir Makanin va Evgeniy Vodolazkin nasridagi psixologik tasvirning xususiyatlarini o'rganishdir. Tadqiqot qahramonlarning ichki dunyosini, ularning hissiy kechinmalarini va ruhiy holatlarini ochib berish uchun qo'llaniladigan badiiy usullarga qaratilgan. Tadqiqotning asosiy vazifasi ushbu mualliflarning asarlarida shaxsni psixologik tasvirlash texnikasidagi o'xshashliklar va farqlarni aniqlashdir. MATERIALLAR VA USULLAR: tadqiqot materiali yuqorida tilga olingan yozuvchilarning qahramonlarning psixologik tasviri aniq namoyon bo'lgan adabiy asarlaridan iborat. Xususan, tadqiqotda Garshinning qisqa hikoyalari va qissalari, Makaninning nasriy asarlari va Vodolazkinning romanlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda quyidagi usullar qo'llanildi: qiyosiy adabiy tahlil, badiiy matn tahlili, qahramonlarning psixologik va talqiniy tahlili, adabiy asarlarni o'rganishga tizimli yondashuv. NATIJALAR VA MUHOKAMA: asarlarni tahlil qilish shuni ko'rsatdiki, har bir yozuvchi psixologik tasvirlashning o'ziga xos badiiy texnikalaridan foydalanadi. Garshin nasrida personajning psixologik portreti axloqiy kechinmalar va dunyoning fojiali idroki bilan chambarchas bog'liq. Yozuvchi insonning ichki mojarolariga, uning hissiy azoblariga va axloqiy tanloviga alohida e'tibor beradi. Makanin asarlarida insonning psixologik tasviri falsafiy chuqurlik va zamonaviy jamiyatdagi shaxsiyat muammolariga e'tibor bilan tavsiflanadi. Muallif personajlarning ichki qarama-qarshiliklarini, ularning ma'naviy izlanishlarini va axloqiy shubhalarini ochib beradi. Vodolazkinning "Tvorchestvo" asarida personajning psixologik portreti ko'pincha tarixiy va madaniy kontekst bilan birlashtiriladi. Uning personajlari ma'naviy qadriyatlar, xotira va vaqt prizmasi orqali tasvirlangan, bu ularning obrazlariga o'ziga xos chuqurlik va ko'p qatlamli murakkablik beradi. Shunday qilib, ushbu mualliflarning nasridagi psixologik tasvir muhim badiiy funktsiyani bajaradi - bu insonning ichki dunyosini ochib berishga va inson tabiatining murakkabligini namoyish etishga yordam beradi. XULOSA: tadqiqot psixologik tasvir Garshin, Makanin va Vodolazkin nasrida muhim o'rin tutadi degan xulosaga keladi. Tarixiy davrlar va badiiy usullardagi farqlarga qaramay, uchala muallifni ham insonning ichki dunyosini chuqur ochib berish istagi birlashtiradi. Ularning asarlari psixologik tahlilning turli usullarini namoyish etadi, adabiyotda inson shaxsiyatini to'liqroq tushunishga hissa qo'shadi. XULOSA: tadqiqot Garshin, Makanin va Vodolazkin nasrida psixologik tasvir muhim o‘rin tutishi haqidagi xulosa bilan yakunlanadi. Tarixiy davrlar va badiiy usullar turlicha bo‘lishiga qaramay, har uchala muallifni inson ichki dunyosini chuqur ochib berishga bo‘lgan intilish birlashtirib turadi. Ularning asarlari psixologik tahlil usullarining rang-barangligini namoyish etib, adabiyotda inson shaxsini to‘laroq anglashga yordam beradi.
INTRODUCTION: this article compares models of psychological portrayal in the prose of V.M. Garshin, V.S. Makanin, and E.G. Vodolazkin. The theoretical framework is based on the concepts of psychological prose developed by Lidiya Ginzburg, the ideas of Mikhail Bakhtin about the character’s voice, and the observations of Viktor Vinogradov on the language of artistic prose. The analysis reveals a typology of techniques: clinical-symbolic (Garshin), “underground” conversational and free indirect discourse (Makanin), and diary-mnemonic with a metaphysical vector (Vodolazkin). AIM: the aim of this study is to examine the features of psychological portrayal in the prose of Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin, Vladimir Makanin, and Evgeny Vodolazkin. The research focuses on artistic methods used to reveal the inner world of characters, their emotional experiences, and spiritual states. The main task of the study is to identify similarities and differences in the techniques of psychological representation of personality in the works of these authors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the research material consists of literary works by the above-mentioned writers in which psychological representation of characters is clearly manifested. In particular, the study analyzes Garshin’s short stories and novellas, Makanin’s prose works, and Vodolazkin’s novels. The following methods were used in the research: comparative literary analysis, artistic text analysis, psychological and interpretative analysis of characters, a systematic approach to the study of literary works. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: the analysis of the works has shown that each writer employs distinct artistic techniques of psychological portrayal. In Garshin’s prose, the psychological portrait of a character is closely connected with moral experiences and a tragic perception of the world. The writer pays particular attention to the internal conflicts of a person, their emotional suffering, and moral choice. In Makanin’s works, the psychological depiction of a person is characterized by philosophical depth and attention to the problems of personality within modern society. The author reveals the internal contradictions of the characters, their spiritual searches, and moral doubts. In Vodolazkin’s творчество, the psychological portrait of a character is often combined with a historical and cultural context. His characters are portrayed through the prism of spiritual values, memory, and time, which gives their images particular depth and multilayered complexity. Thus, psychological portrayal in the prose of these authors performs an important artistic function — it helps to reveal the inner world of a person and demonstrate the complexity of human nature. CONCLUSION: the study concludes that psychological portrayal occupies an important place in the prose of Garshin, Makanin, and Vodolazkin. Despite the differences in historical periods and artistic methods, all three authors are united by their desire to deeply reveal the inner world of a human being. Their works demonstrate a variety of techniques of psychological analysis, contributing to a fuller understanding of human personality in literature.
ResearcherUz