INTRODUCTION: paremiological units, or folk proverbs and sayings, are an important element of cultural and linguistic heritage. They reflect mental models, values, experience, and the worldview of language speakers. In particular, paremiological units containing a phytonym — the name of a plant — demonstrate a close connection between language, the natural environment, and the cultural traditions of a people. Studying the interlingual equivalence of such paremiological units is important for comparative linguistics, translation, and cultural analysis. This article examines phraseological units and paremiological expressions with a phytonym component, conducts a semantic analysis of associative links, and identifies similarities in meaning between Russian and Uzbek paremiological units containing phytonyms. AIM: the aim of this study is to investigate the interlingual equivalence of Russian and Uzbek paremiological units with a phytonym component, to identify similarities and differences in their semantics, structure, and cultural function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: materials of the study include: Collections of Russian and Uzbek proverbs and sayings containing a phytonym, lexicographical sources and dictionaries of plants used in folk vocabulary, scientific studies in paremiology, cognitive linguistics, and cultural linguistics, comparative texts and examples of proverb usage in oral speech. Methods of the study: Comparative analysis — allows identification of similarities and differences between Russian and Uzbek paremiological units with a phytonym component and determination of their degree of equivalence. Semantic analysis — used to study the meaning of phytonyms in the context of proverbs and to reveal hidden meanings. Qualitative analysis — allows interpretation of cultural and mental features of peoples reflected in proverbs. Typological method — applied to classify proverbs by function, structure, and the type of plant included. Historical and cultural approach — helps take into account the cultural, historical, and natural contexts of proverb formation. The use of these materials and methods enables a comprehensive study of the interlingual equivalence of paremiological units with a phytonym component and reveals their cultural and linguistic significance in Russian and Uzbek languages. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: the study showed that Russian and Uzbek paremiological units with a phytonym component reflect common cultural values such as diligence, resourcefulness, caution, and respect for nature, yet they differ in imagery and linguistic form. For example, in Russian, proverbs often contain metaphors of trees and plants symbolizing strength, resilience, and longevity, such as: “Without effort, you can’t even pull a fish out of the pond.” In Uzbek, phytonyms are often associated with harvest, fertility, family values, and life wisdom, for example: “Not the one who plants the tree, but the one who nurtures it.” Analysis showed that some paremiological units have direct equivalents in the other language, conveying similar meanings but using culturally significant local plants. Other paremiological units have no exact counterpart and require adapted translation while preserving cultural context. Thus, interlingual equivalence of paremiological units with a phytonym component depends on the cultural, historical, and environmental characteristics of a people. Their study allows understanding of thinking patterns, values, and symbolism in language. CONCLUSION: russian and Uzbek paremiological units with a phytonym component demonstrate both similarities and differences in the linguistic and cultural worldviews. Studying their interlingual equivalence is important for comparative linguistics, translation, and cultural studies. Understanding the semantics and function of phytonyms in proverbs contributes to the preservation of cultural heritage and enhances the effectiveness of intercultural communication.
KIRISH: paremiologik birliklar yoki xalq maqollari va matallari madaniy va lingvistik merosning muhim elementi hisoblanadi. Ular til so'zlovchilarining aqliy modellari, qadriyatlari, tajribasi va dunyoqarashini aks ettiradi. Xususan, fitonim - o'simlik nomini o'z ichiga olgan paremiologik birliklar til, tabiiy muhit va xalqning madaniy an'analari o'rtasidagi yaqin bog'liqlikni namoyish etadi. Bunday paremiologik birliklarning tillararo ekvivalentligini o'rganish qiyosiy tilshunoslik, tarjima va madaniy tahlil uchun muhimdir. Ushbu maqolada fitonim komponentli frazeologik birliklar va paremiologik iboralar o'rganiladi, assotsiativ bog'lanishlarning semantik tahlili o'tkaziladi va fitonimlarni o'z ichiga olgan rus va o'zbek paremiologik birliklari o'rtasidagi ma'no o'xshashliklari aniqlanadi. MAQSAD: ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi fitonim komponentiga ega rus va oʻzbek paremiologik birliklarining tillararo ekvivalentligini oʻrganish, ularning semantikasi, tuzilishi va madaniy funktsiyasidagi oʻxshashlik va farqlarni aniqlashdir. MATERIALLAR VA USULLAR: tadqiqot materiallari quyidagilarni oʻz ichiga oladi: Fitonimga ega rus va oʻzbek maqollari va matallari toʻplamlari, xalq lugʻatida ishlatiladigan oʻsimliklarning leksikografik manbalari va lugʻatlari, paremiologiya, kognitiv tilshunoslik va madaniy tilshunoslik boʻyicha ilmiy tadqiqotlar, qiyosiy matnlar va ogʻzaki nutqda maqollardan foydalanish misollari. Tadqiqot usullari: Qiyosiy tahlil — fitonim komponentiga ega rus va oʻzbek paremiologik birliklari oʻrtasidagi oʻxshashlik va farqlarni aniqlash va ularning ekvivalentlik darajasini aniqlash imkonini beradi. Semantik tahlil — maqollar kontekstida fitonimlarning maʼnosini oʻrganish va yashirin maʼnolarni ochish uchun ishlatiladi. Sifatli tahlil — maqollarda aks etgan xalqlarning madaniy va ruhiy xususiyatlarini talqin qilish imkonini beradi. Tipologik usul — maqollarni vazifasi, tuzilishi va kiritilgan oʻsimlik turi boʻyicha tasniflash uchun qoʻllaniladi. Tarixiy va madaniy yondashuv — maqollarning shakllanishining madaniy, tarixiy va tabiiy kontekstlarini hisobga olishga yordam beradi. Ushbu materiallar va usullardan foydalanish fitonim komponentli paremiologik birliklarning tillararo ekvivalentligini har tomonlama o'rganish imkonini beradi va ularning rus va o'zbek tillarida madaniy va lingvistik ahamiyatini ochib beradi. NATIJALAR VA MUHOKAMA: tadqiqot shuni ko'rsatdiki, fitonim komponentli rus va o'zbek paremiologik birliklari mehnatsevarlik, topqirlik, ehtiyotkorlik va tabiatga hurmat kabi umumiy madaniy qadriyatlarni aks ettiradi, ammo ular tasviriy va lingvistik shaklda farq qiladi. Masalan, rus tilida maqollarda ko'pincha kuch, bardoshlilik va uzoq umrni ramziy ma'noda ifodalovchi daraxtlar va o'simliklar metaforalari mavjud, masalan: "Harakatsiz hovuzdan baliq ham tortib ololmaysiz." O'zbek tilida fitonimlar ko'pincha hosil, unumdorlik, oilaviy qadriyatlar va hayot donoligi bilan bog'liq, masalan: "Daraxt ekkan emas, balki uni parvarish qilgan". Tahlil shuni ko'rsatdiki, ba'zi paremiologik birliklar boshqa tilda to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ekvivalentlarga ega bo'lib, o'xshash ma'nolarni anglatadi, ammo madaniy jihatdan ahamiyatli mahalliy o'simliklardan foydalanadi. Boshqa paremiologik birliklarning aniq o'xshashligi yo'q va madaniy kontekstni saqlab qolgan holda moslashtirilgan tarjimani talab qiladi. Shunday qilib, fitonim komponentiga ega paremiologik birliklarning tillararo ekvivalentligi xalqning madaniy, tarixiy va ekologik xususiyatlariga bog'liq. Ularni o'rganish tildagi fikrlash shakllari, qadriyatlar va ramziylikni tushunishga imkon beradi. XULOSA: fitonim komponentiga ega rus va o'zbek paremiologik birliklari lingvistik va madaniy dunyoqarashlarda ham o'xshashliklarni, ham farqlarni namoyish etadi. Ularning tillararo ekvivalentligini o'rganish qiyosiy tilshunoslik, tarjima va madaniy tadqiqotlar uchun muhimdir. Maqollardagi fitonimlarning semantikasi va funktsiyasini tushunish madaniy merosni saqlashga hissa qo'shadi va madaniyatlararo muloqot samaradorligini oshiradi.
ResearcherUz