CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND HIRSHFELD SURFACE ANALYSIS OF NICKEL (II) CHLORIDE WITH 1,3,4-THIADIAZOLE-2,5-DIAMINE

NICKEL (II) CHLORIDE WITH 1,3,4-THIADIAZOLE-2,5-DIAMINE

1Ruziboyeva G.S., 2Turaev Kh.Kh., 3Ibragimov A.B., 1Abdiyeva D.M

2 Nazarov Y.E.

1Denau Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy, Sharof Rashidov Street 360, 2Termiz State University, Barkamol Avlod Street, Termiz, 3Institute

of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent

Abstract. Background of the problem. Synthesis and study of oxo-bridged trinuclear nickel (II) complex compounds is a relevant direction of modern coordination chemistry and is associated with the creation of materials with controlled structural and functional properties.

Objective: To synthesize oxo-bridged trinuclear compounds in the presence of new 1,3,4 thiodiazole 2,5 diamine and nickel (II) chloride and analyze its structural, morphological and spectroscopic properties.

Methodology: The Ni(II) coordination compound was structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, while the intermolecular interactions within the crystal lattice were systematically investigated using Hirshfeld surface analysis. Scientific novelty. A new complex compound with unique morphological and crystalline properties was synthesized.

Results: The structure and physicochemical properties of the synthesized new coordination compound were studied.

Keywords: Nickel-based oxo-bridged trinuclear complex compound, L1, X-ray, Hirshfeld surface.

Properties:

- The complex was synthesized in the presence of Ni(II) salt, L1, ethanol and water.

- It has a discrete structure.

Introduction.

Polynuclear transition-metal clusters have emerged as an important class of coordination compounds because of their diverse structural architectures and broad applications in catalysis, magnetic materials, materials chemistry, and bioinorganic systems [1]. Among these systems, oxo-bridged multinuclear assemblies are of particular interest because μ-oxo ligands effectively stabilize polynuclear frameworks and facilitate electronic communication between neighbouring metal centres, thereby resembling structural motifs found in metalloenzymes and functional metal-oxide materials [2-3]. Furthermore, the incorporation of a central oxo bridge generally enhances the structural rigidity of the cluster core and promotes cooperative metal–metal interactions, which are crucial for the physicochemical properties of multinuclear complexes [4].

Ligand design plays a decisive role in controlling nuclearity, geometry, and functional behaviour in polynuclear coordination compounds [5]. Nitrogen- and sulfurdonor heterocycles are especially effective for stabilizing multinuclear architectures due to their adaptable coordination modes and ability to promote secondary supramolecular interactions [7]. Among these ligands, thiadiazole derivatives have received increasing attention owing to their strong metal-binding ability and well-documented biological relevance. 1,3,4-Thiadiazole frameworks are known to exhibit pharmacological activity and have been widely explored as ligands for transition-metal complexes, with properties including antimicrobial, enzymatic, and therapeutic activities [8]. The 1,3,4-thiadiazole2,5-diamine (TDAD) ligand is particularly attractive because it provides multiple nitrogen donor atoms while retaining terminal amino groups capable of forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds. These features enable the construction of robust multinuclear frameworks and promote extended supramolecular organization in the solid state [9].

In this context, the present study describes the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of an oxo-bridged trinuclear nickel(II) coordination cluster, trichlorido(μ₃-oxo)hexakis(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diamine)trinickel(II) chloride, [Ni3O(TDAD)6Cl3]Cl. The complex features a symmetrically arranged Ni3O core stabilized by six thiadiazole ligands, providing a rare example of a nitrogen-rich μ3-oxobridged trinuclear nickel framework that integrates structural analysis with physicochemical and antimicrobial evaluation. The structural and physicochemical properties were elucidated using single-crystal X-ray diffraction together with complementary analytical techniques.

Results and discussion.

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis

Crystal Structure Determination

Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the molecular and crystal structure of [Ni3O(TDAD)6Cl3]Cl. The crystallographic data collection and refinement parameters are summarized in Table 1. The complex crystallizes in the hexagonal crystal system with centrosymmetric space group P63/mcm (No. 193) at 293 K. The unit-cell parameters are a = b = 10.5430(2) Å and c = 18.7330(4) Å, giving a cell volume of 1803.29(8) Å3 with Z = 12. The structure refinement converged satisfactorily with final R = 0.0477 and wR2 = 0.1364, indicating good agreement between observed and calculated structure factors. Asymmetric Unit and Molecular Structure

The asymmetric unit of the complex is shown in Fig. 1(a), with displacement ellipsoids drawn at the 35 % probability level. It comprises one Ni(II) centre coordinated by one μ₃-oxo atom, four nitrogen atoms from four independent TDAD ligands, and one terminal chloride ion; positional disorder is observed for the amino nitrogen N(2) and its attached hydrogen atoms, which are modelled over two sites with partial occupancies (Fig. 2). The complete trinuclear molecular structure is illustrated in Fig. 1(b), revealing a centrosymmetric Ni3O core in which a central μ3-oxo atom symmetrically bridges three Ni(II) ions [10].

Table 1. Crystal data and structure refinement for [Ni3O(TDAD)6Cl3]Cl.

CCDC 2518737

Formula C2H2Cl0.83N3Ni0.50O0.17S Formula Weight (g/mol) 161.69 Temperature(K) 293(2) Wavelength 1.54184 Crystal size (mm3) 0.17 x 0.14 x 0.14 Shape Needle Crystal System Hexagonal Space Group P63/mcm (No.193) a, b, c (Å) 10.5430(2), 10.5430(2), 18.7330(4) α, β, γ (˚) 90, 90, 120 Volume (Å3) 1803.29(8) Z 12 D (calc) [g/cm3] 1.787 Mu [mm-1] 8.851 F(000) 966 Index ranges -13 ≤ h ≤ 13, -12 ≤ k ≤ 12, -23≤ l ≤ 18 Reflections collected 11319 Theta Min-Max [°] 4.829, 75.581 Reflections with I > 2(I) 703 [R(int) = 0.0419] Data/restraints/parameters 703/0/47 Goodness-of-fit on F2 1.089 Final R indices [I>2sigma(I)] R1 = 0.0498, wR2 = 0.1409 R indices (all data) R1 = 0.0515, wR2 = 0.1426

Coordination Environment and

Bond Geometry

Each Ni(II) centre exhibits a distorted octahedral coordination geometry,

defined by an N₄OCl donor set.

Selected bond lengths and angles

are listed in Table 2. The Ni– O(μ3-oxo) bond distance of 1.9579(9) Å reflects strong metal-oxygen bonding, while the Ni–N bond lengths are narrowly distributed around 2.156 Å, indicating uniform coordination by the TDAD ligands. The terminal Ni–Cl bond length of 2.3494(19) Å falls within the expected range reported for monodentate chloride ligands in Ni(II) coordination complexes (typically ≈2.20–2.40 Å), consistent with previously described crystal structures of nickel(II) chloride-containing complexes [11]. The Ni–O–Ni angles are fixed at 120°, confirming a planar triangular arrangement of the Ni3O core. Table 2 The selected bond lengths (Å), angles (°) and dihedral angles (°) for Bond Length [Å] Bond Length [Å] Ni(1)-Cl(1) 2.349(2) S(1)-C(1) 1.723(4)

Ni(1)-O(1) 1.9577(10) N(1)-N(1) 1.388(6)

Ni(1)-N(1) 2.155(3) N(1)-C(1) 1.304(4)

Ni(1)-N(1) 2.155(3) C(1)-N(2) 1.299(8)

Ni(1)-N(1) 2.155(3) N(2)-H(2A) 0.86

Ni(1)-N(1) 2.155(3) N(2)-H(2B) 0.86

S(1)-C(1) 1.723(4)

Fig. 2 Asymmetric unit of [Ni3O(TDAD)6Cl3]Cl with

atoms labelled and occupancies indicated. Bond Angle [°] Bond Angle [°] O(1)-Ni(1)-Cl(1) 180.0 N(1)-Ni(1)-N(1) 93.69(14)

O(1)-Ni(1)-N(1) 83.38(8) C(1)-S(1)-C(1) 86.9(3)

O(1)-Ni(1)-N(1) 83.37(8) Ni(1)-O(1)-Ni(1) 120.000(1) O(1)-Ni(1)-N(1) 83.37(8) Ni(1)-O(1)-Ni(1) 120.0 O(1)-Ni(1)-N(1) 83.37(8) Ni(1)-O(1)-Ni(1) 120.0 N(1)-Ni(1)-Cl(1) 96.63(8) N(1)-N(1)-Ni(1) 117.69(8) N(1)-Ni(1)-Cl(1) 96.63(8) C(1)-N(1)-Ni(1) 130.2(3)

N(1)-Ni(1)-Cl(1) 96.63(8) C(1)-N(1)-N(1) 112.1(2)

N(1)-Ni(1)-Cl(1) 96.62(8) N(1)-C(1)-S(1) 114.4(3)

N(1)-Ni(1)-N(1) 84.78(14) N(1)-C(1)-N(2) 119.3(4)

N(1)-Ni(1)-N(1) 166.75(16) N(2)-C(1)-S(1) 126.3(5)

N(1)-Ni(1)-N(1) 84.78(14) C(1)-N(2)-H(2A) 120.0

N(1)-Ni(1)-N(1) 93.69(14) C(1)-N(2)-H(2B) 120.0

N(1)-Ni(1)-N(1) 166.75(16) H(2A)-N(2)-H(2B) 120.0

Dihedral bond Angle [°] Dihedral bond Angle [°]

Ni(1)-N(1)-C(1)-S(1) 178.76(17) N(1)-N(1)-C(1)-N(2) 179.0(6)

Ni(1)-N(1)-C(1)-N(2) -1.3(8) C(1)-S(1)-C(1)-N(1) 1.2(4)

N(1)-N(1)-C(1)-S(1) -1.0(3) C(1)-S(1)-C(1)-N(2) -178.7(5)

Symmetry transformations used to generate equivalent atoms:. Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions

In addition to coordination bonds, extensive hydrogen bonding contributes to the stabilization of the crystal structure. The hydrogen-bonding network is illustrated in Fig. 3, and the corresponding geometric parameters are summarized in Table 2. The amino groups of the TDAD ligands act as hydrogen-bond donors, forming N-H···Cl interactions with both coordinated and lattice chloride ions, as well as weaker N–H···N contacts between adjacent ligands. The short H···Cl distances (2.1316-2.333 Å) and near-linear DH···A angles (up to 170.9°) indicate relatively strong hydrogen bonds that link neighbouring trinuclear units into extended supramolecular assemblies.

Table 2 Hydrogen bonds for [Ni3O(TDAD)6Cl3]Cl [Å and °].

N(2)-H(2A)•••Cl(1) 0.86 2.333 3.093 147.5

N(2)-H(2A)•••N(2) 0.86 2.556 3.124(2) 124.5

N(2)-H(2B)•••Cl(2) 0.86 2.131 2.983 171.2

Symmetry transformations used to generate equivalent atoms: Comparative structural analysis and supramolecular features

To place the structure of the present trinuclear cluster in context, a comparison with representative Ni(II) complexes retrieved from the CCDC database [41-46] was performed. The selected literature structures crystallize in various crystal systems but consistently display distorted octahedral Ni(II) coordination environments with typical Ni–N distances of approximately 2.02-2.08 Å, Ni-O distances near 2.03–2.13 Å, and Ni-

Fig. 3 The hydrogen-bonding network of [Ni3O(TDAD)6Cl3]Cl Cl separations around 2.36-2.40 Å. In contrast, the present compound [Ni3O(TDAD)6Cl3]Cl exhibits slightly longer Ni–N bonds (≈ 2.155 Å) together with a notably shorter Ni–O bond (≈ 1.958 Å), reflecting the strong coordination of the oxo donor within the trinuclear framework. While most reported structures are mononuclear species stabilized primarily by conventional hydrogen bonding and π-π stacking, the present structure contains a multinuclear Ni3O core that generates a distinct coordination topology and extended hydrogen-bond-assisted supramolecular assembly. Further insight into intermolecular stabilization was obtained from hydrogen-bond comparisons (Table 3). The literature complexes typically show networks dominated by N-H···Cl and O-H···Cl interactions, often supplemented by weaker C-H···Cl contacts. A similar pattern is observed in the present compound, where multiple N-H donors from the TDAD ligands participate in hydrogen bonding with chloride acceptors, forming a three-dimensional supramolecular framework. Taken together, these comparisons demonstrate that although the local coordination geometry around Ni(II) remains octahedral, the present compound is structurally distinguished by its trinuclear oxo-bridged core and the resulting multidirectional hydrogen-bonding architecture, which collectively define the structural novelty of the reported system. Table 3. Selected hydrogen-bond parameters (Å, °) for representative Ni(II) complexes (CCDC entries) and the present complex, showing key D-H•••A intermolecular contacts

governing supramolecular packing.

OYOLOG (2034867)

N2-H2N•••O9 0.85(2) 1.94(2) 2.783(3) 171(3)

N4-H4N•••O10 0.86(3) 2.01(3) 2.865(8) 173(5)

O5-H5O•••Cl2 0.84(2) 2.28(2) 3.0922(19) 163(3)

N6-H6N•••Cl1 0.86(2) 2.41(2) 3.250(2) 166(2)

O6-H6O•••Cl4 0.84(2) 2.20(2) 3.020(2) 166(3)

O7-H7O•••Cl1 0.83(2) 2.264(18) 3.070(2) 164(3)

N8-H8N•••Cl1 0.83(3) 2.43(3) 3.234(2) 162(3)

O8-H8O•••Cl3 0.84(3) 2.18(3) 3.006(2) 173(3)

O9-H9O•••Cl4 0.83(3) 2.31(3) 3.125(2) 167(3)

O10-H10O•••Cl2 0.84(5) 2.54(5) 3.374(3) 173(5)

C16-H16B•••Cl3 0.99 2.61 3.349(7) 132

C20-H20•••Cl2 0.95 2.67 3.537(3) 153

C33-H33B•••Cl3 0.98 2.78 3.679(3) 154

IFOYAG (1406344)

O1WA-H1W2•••Cl1 0.82(3) 2.38(3) 3.1684(13) 164(2)

O1WA-H1W1•••Cl2 0.84(3) 2.26(3) 3.0919(14) 171(2)

O1WB-H1W4•••Cl1 0.84(3) 2.26(3) 3.0679(15) 165(3)

C2B-H2BA•••Cl1 0.95 2.79 3.461(2) 128.00

TOLTOE (686886)

N1-H5•••Cl1 0.87 2.52 3.331(2) 155

O1-H10•••Cl1 0.85 2.19 3.0320(19) 170

C3-H2•••Cl1 0.94 2.74 3.552(3) 144

HIBYOJ (1826295)

O5-H1O5•••Cl3 0.79(2) 2.25(2) 3.0299(18) 167(3)

O6-H1O6•••Cl1 0.80(2) 2.19(2) 2.979(2) 169(2)

N2-H2A•••Cl2 0.88 2.7000 3.520(2) 156

O7-H1O7•••Cl4 0.796(13) 2.240(14) 3.0223(14) 168(2)

O8-H1O8•••Cl2 0.80(2) 2.25(2) 3.0268(16) 165(2)

N6-H6A•••Cl4 0.88 2.77 3.550(2) 149

N8-H8A•••Cl3 0.88 2.62 3.477(2) 165

N8-H8B•••Cl3 0.88 2.48 3.336(2) 164

C9-H9•••Cl1 0.95 2.79 3.503(2) 133

UYOJIC (847181)

O6-H6C•••Cl3 0.86(3) 2.22(3) 3.057(3) 167(3)

O6-H6D•••O9 0.86(3) 1.96(3) 2.797(5) 167(3)

O7-H7A•••Cl1 0.85(3) 2.32(3) 3.139(3) 163(4)

O7-H7B•••Cl4 0.85(3) 2.45(3) 3.292(2) 169(3)

O8-H8A•••Cl2 0.84(3) 2.27(3) 3.104(2) 173(3)

O8-H8B•••Cl3 0.84(2) 2.37(3) 3.167(2) 159(2)

O9-H9A•••Cl2 0.86(3) 2.44(3) 3.163(3) 142(4)

O9-H9B•••Cl1 0.86(4) 2.33(4) 3.173(4) 170(4)

C2-H2•••Cl4 0.93 2.67 3.520(4) 153

POXNOJ (1055581)

N2-H2A•••Cl1 0.86 2.5 3.277(2) 150

N(2)-H(2A)•••Cl(1) 0.86 2.333 3.09 147.1

N(2)-H(2A)•••N(2) 0.86 2.53 3.10(2) 124.7

N(2)-H(2B)•••Cl(2) 0.86 2.1316 2.984 170.9

Hirshfeld surface analysis.

Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed to examine and quantify the intermolecular interactions that govern the crystal packing of [Ni3O(TDAD)6Cl3]Cl, providing a threedimensional visualization of contact regions between neighbouring molecular units (Fig. 4). Mapping the Hirshfeld surface over the internal distance parameter (di) highlights close contacts involving atoms located within the surface. In this representation (Fig. 4(a)), distinct features are observed near hydrogen atoms bonded to nitrogen, indicating their proximity to electronegative neighbouring atoms. These features reflect the prominent donor behaviour of the amino groups of the TDAD ligands, which actively participate in hydrogen-bond formation. The external distance (de) surface (Fig. 4(b)), which emphasizes interactions with atoms outside the Hirshfeld surface, reveals pronounced regions corresponding to chloride and sulfur atoms. These regions illustrate the strong acceptor character of chloride ions and the participation of sulfur atoms from the thiadiazole rings in intermolecular contacts. The complementary nature of the di and de surfaces confirms the directional hydrogen bonding between N-H donors and chloride acceptors, as well as secondary contacts involving sulfur. The normalized contact distance (dnorm) surface (Fig. 4(c)) provides a comprehensive overview of the strength and significance of intermolecular interactions using a colour scale ranging from negative to positive values [12-14].

Intense red spots appear

in regions where

intermolecular separations are

shorter than the sum of van

der Waals radii, indicating

strong contacts. These red

regions are predominantly

localized around chloride ions

and hydrogen atoms of the

amino groups, clearly

identifying N–H···Cl

hydrogen bonds as the

dominant stabilizing

interactions within the lattice.

White areas correspond to

contacts close to van der Waals

separations, while blue regions represent longer, less influential interactions. The fragment patch representation (Fig. 4(d)) further partitions the Hirshfeld surface according to neighbouring molecular fragments. Distinct and well-defined patches surrounding chloride ions and thiadiazole rings indicate specific, directional interactions, whereas broader patches are associated with diffuse van der Waals contacts. Together, these surface features demonstrate that the crystal packing is primarily controlled by hydrogen bonding centred on chloride ions, reinforced by additional heteroatom-based interactions that collectively generate a robust three-dimensional supramolecular framework.

Conclusion. A new oxo-bridged trinuclear nickel(II) coordination cluster, [Ni3O(TDAD)6Cl3]Cl, supported by 1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-diamine ligands, was successfully synthesized and comprehensively characterized. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the formation of a centrosymmetric trinuclear Ni3O core in which each Ni(II) centre adopts a distorted octahedral coordination geometry. The

Fig. 4 Hirshfeld surface representations of

[Ni3O(TDAD)6Cl3]Cl: (a) di map, (b) de map, (c) dnorm map

and (d) fragment patch map.

a b

c d structural study demonstrated that the μ3-oxo bridge plays a crucial role in stabilizing the trinuclear framework and promoting cooperative metal–metal interactions within the cluster core. Extensive intermolecular N-H···Cl and N-H···N hydrogen-bonding interactions further contribute to the stabilization of the crystal packing, generating a robust three-dimensional supramolecular architecture. Hirshfeld surface analysis confirmed that hydrogen-bonding interactions involving chloride ions represent the dominant intermolecular contacts governing crystal packing stabilization. Comparative analysis with related CCDC-reported Ni(II) complexes demonstrated that the present compound is structurally distinguished by its trinuclear oxo-bridged topology and multidirectional supramolecular interaction network. Overall, the obtained results expand the structural chemistry of nitrogen-rich oxo-bridged nickel(II) clusters and provide valuable insight into the relationship between coordination geometry and supramolecular organization in multinuclear transition-metal systems.

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1Рузибоева Г.С., 2Тураев Х.Х., 3Ибрагимов А.Б. 1Абдиева Д.М

2Назаров Ю.Э.

КРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА И АНАЛИЗ ПОВЕРХНОСТИ

ХИРШФЕЛЬДА КОМПЛЕКСА ХЛОРИДА НИКЕЛЯ (II) С 1,3,4-

ТИАДИАЗОЛ-2,5-ДИАМИНОМ

1 Институт предпринимательства и педагогики Денау, Шароф улица Рашидова,

360, 2Термезский государственный университет, ул. Баркамол авлод, Термез.

3Институт общей и неорганической химии Академии наук Узбекистана,

Ташкент.

Реферат. Предпосылки проблемы. Синтез и изучение оксо-мостовых трехъядерных комплексов никеля(II) является важной областью современной координационной химии, связанной с созданием материалов с контролируемыми структурными и функциональными свойствами.

Цель: Синтез нового оксо-мостового трехъядерного 1,3,4-тиодиазол-2,5- диамина в присутствии хлорида никеля(II) и анализ его структурных, морфологических и спектроскопических свойств.

Методология: Координационное соединение Ni (II) структурно характеризовалось монокристаллической рентгеновской дифракцией, а межмолекулярные взаимодействия в кристаллической решетке систематически изучались с помощью поверхностного анализа Гиршфельда. Научная новизна. Было синтезировано новое комплексное соединение с уникальными морфологическими и кристаллическими свойствами.

Научная новизна: Синтезировано новое сложное соединение с уникальными морфологическими и кристаллическими свойствами.

Полученные данные: Были изучены структура и физико-химические свойства вновь синтезированного координационного соединения.

Ключевые слова:

Никелевый оксо-мостовой трехъядерный комплексный материал, L1, Рентген, Анализ поверхности Хиршфельда.

Характеристики: - Комплекс был синтезирован в присутствии соли Ni(II), L1, этанола и воды. - Он имеет дискретную структуру.

1Ruziboyeva G.S., 2Turayev X.X., 3Ibragimov A.B. 1Abdiyeva D.M.,

2Nazarov Y.E.

1,3,4-TIADIAZOL-2,5-DIAMIN BILAN NIKEL (II) XLORIDNING KRISTALL

TUZILISHI VA HIRSHFELD SIRTI TAHLILI

1Denov tadbirkorlik va pedagogika instituti, Sharof Rashidov ko‘chasi, 360-uy, 2Termiz

davlat universiteti, Termiz sh., Barkamol avlod ko‘chasi, 3O‘zbekiston Fanlar

akademiyasi Umumiy va noorganik kimyo instituti, Toshkent shahri

Referat. Muammoning kelib chiqishi. Okso-ko'prikli uch yadroli nikel (II) kompleks birikmasini sintez qilish va o‘rganish zamonaviy koordinatsion kimyoning dolzarb yo‘nalishi bo‘lib, tuzilma va funksional xususiyatlari boshqariladigan materiallar yaratish bilan bog‘liq.

Maqsad: Yangi 1,3,4 tiodiazol 2,5 diamin va nikel(II) xlorid ishtirokida oksoko'prikli uch yadroli sintez qilish hamda uning tuzilma, morfologik va spektroskopik xususiyatlarini tahlil qilish.

Metodologiya: Ni (II) koordinatsion birikmasi strukturaviy jihatdan monokristall rentgen difraksiyasi bilan tavsiflangan, kristall panjarasidagi molekulalararo o‘zaro ta’sirlar esa Xirshfeld sirt tahlili yordamida tizimli ravishda o‘rganilgan. Ilmiy yangilik. O‘ziga xos morfologik va kristall xossalarga ega bo‘lgan yangi kompleks birikma sintez qilindi.

Ilmiy yangiligi. O‘ziga xos morfologik va kristall xususiyatlarga ega bo‘lgan yangi kompleks birikma sintez qilindi.

Olingan natijalar: Sintez qilingan yangi koordinatsion birikmaning tuzilishi va fizikkimyoviy xususiyatlari o‘rganildi.

Kalit so‘zlar: Nikel asosidagi okso-ko‘prikli uch yadroli kompleks birikma, L1, XRay, Hirshfeld sirt tahlili.

Xususiyatlari: - Kompleks Ni (II) tuzi, L1, etanol va suv ishtirokida sintez qilindi. - Diskret tuzilishga ega.