PSIXOLOGIYANING ILMIY MAKTABLARI: NAZARIY YONDASHUVLAR VA ZAMONAVIY TALQINLAR

KIRISH: ushbu maqolada psixologiya fanining shakllanish davridagi asosiy maktablar va yo‘nalishlar tahlil qilinadi. strukturalizmdan boshlab kognitiv psixologiyagacha bo‘lgan davrdagi o‘zgarishlar, har bir maktabning inson ruhiyatini o‘rganishdagi o‘ziga xos metodlari va ularning zamonaviy psixologiyadagi o‘rni yoritiladi. MAQSAD: tadqiqotning maqsadi — psixologiya maktablarining tarixiy rivojlanishini tahlil qilish, ularning metodologik yondashuvlarini ko‘rsatish va zamonaviy psixologiyaga ta’sirini aniqlashdir. MATERIALLAR VA METODLAR: ilmiy maqolalar, tarixiy manbalar, psixologik nazariyalar va amaliy kuzatuvlar asos sifatida tanlandi. metod sifatida tarixiy-tahliliy yondashuv, taqqoslash va umumlashtirish qo‘llanildi. NATIJALAR VA MUHOKAMA: natijalar shuni ko‘rsatdiki, strukturalizm, psixoanaliz, bixeviorizm, geshtaltpsixologiya, gumanistik psixologiya va kognitiv psixologiya inson ruhiyatini o‘rganishda turli metodlarni taklif qilgan. bu maktablarning yondashuvlari zamonaviy psixologiyada integratsiyalashgan holda qo‘llanilmoqda. XULOSA: psixologiya maktablari tarixiy taraqqiyot jarayonida fan rivojiga katta hissa qo‘shgan bo‘lib, ularning metodlari bugungi kunda ham ilmiy-amaliy ahamiyatga ega.

INTRODUCTION: this article analyzes the main schools and directions of psychology during its formative period. it highlights the changes from structuralism to cognitive psychology, the unique methods of each school in studying the human psyche, and their role in modern psychology. PURPOSE: the purpose of the study is to examine the historical development of psychology schools, present their methodological approaches, and identify their influence on contemporary psychology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: scientific articles, historical sources, psychological theories, and practical observations were used as materials. methods included historicalanalytical approach, comparison, and generalization. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: the findings show that structuralism, psychoanalysis, behaviorism, gestalt psychology, humanistic psychology, and cognitive psychology offered diverse methods for studying the human psyche. these approaches have been integrated and are applied in modern psychology. CONCLUSION: psychology schools have made a significant contribution to the development of the discipline, and their methods remain scientifically and practically relevant today.