Assessment of the environmental impact on soil fertility, development and yield of soybean varieties on medium saline agrocenoses

УДК 633.3:631.82/635.1

Assessment of the environmental impact on soil fertility, development and yield

of soybean varieties on medium saline agrocenoses

Arziyev Azizbek Ulug`bekovich

Babadjanova Shirin Kadamovna

master's degree Udmurt State University

azizkhan.arziev@gmail.com. Urgench State University named Abu Rayhon Beruni, Professor of the Department

of Ecologyshirinka_74@mail.ru,

Abstract. Diversification of a variety of agricultural crops on moderately saline land helps to increase the productivity of agricultural products, which significantly increases the income of farmers. To date, due to the development of environmental and economic situations, issues of the production potential of various environmentally specialized plants are studied based on the adaptive strategy, the formation of the natural environment and the use of environmental optimization functions. All this requires constant attention to the environmental situation in the region and scientifically based measures aimed at maintaining and increasing the natural potential and fertility of the soil cover.

Key words: root nodules, biomass, inoculation,soybean recovery,soil,fertility.

Аннотация. Диверсификация разнообразных сельскохозяйственных культур на среднезасоленных землях способствует повышению продуктивности сельскохозяйственной продукции, что существенно увеличивает доходы фермеров. На сегодняшний день в связи с развитием эколого-экономической обстановки изучаются вопросы производственного потенциала различных экологически специализированных растений на основе адаптивной стратегии, формирования природной среды и использования функций экологической оптимизации. Все это требует постоянного внимания к экологической ситуации в регионе и научно обоснованных мер, направленных на сохранение и повышение природного потенциала и плодородия почвенного покрова.

Ключевые слова: корневые клубеньки, биомасса, инокуляция, восстановление сои, почва, плодородие.

The diversification of agricultural crops through the introduction and integration of various agricultural practices on saline and degraded lands contributes to increasing agricultural productivity. The introduction of unconventional and underused forage grains and legumes into the culture in local crop rotations will reduce soil salinity and enrich them with important nutrients, as well as restore the soil structure. Currently, serious problems of preserving and restoring the land resource potential of agriculture are becoming more acute all over the world, associated with the loss of soil fertility, pollution and degradation of soils on significant land masses, and large-scale land disturbance. A number of laws have been adapted in the Republic of Uzbekistan in order to accelerate and stabilize agricultural reforms. It is noted that salinization of soils leads to physical degradation of lands and their further withdrawal from agricultural use. High doses of mineral fertilizers proved to be one of the causes of soil degradation and environmental degradation. After harvesting, legumes and other crops with a short growing season are cultivated as repeated crops. However, scientific research in this direction has been started relatively recently. In this regard, the development of agricultural techniques for growing (including its individual elements) of repeated crops in the country is an urgent issue.

Material and methods of research

The research was conducted in 2023-2024 at the experimental field of the conducted on irrigatedmeadow alluvial soils of the Khorezm region. The main purpose of the research was to develop study and scientifically substantiate agricultural methods of cultivation of soybeans crop rotation, ensuring the preservation of soil fertility, improving its agro physical properties, as well as increasing productivity and increasing the economic efficiency of its cultivation. We also monitored the growth, development and yield of legumes. The repetition in the experiments is 4-fold; the placement of variants is randomized. In our experience, the soybean variety “Orzu” was sown at a rate of 60 kg / ha in the first decade of July, after harvesting winter wheat. The soybean harvest was harvested in the phase of physiological ripeness of grain (R8 ). Statistical processing of the results was carried out in the SAS 9.2 environment.

Research results and discussion

All processes related to agricultural production cause environmental changes. At the same time, the transformation of compounds entering the ecological system primarily occurs in the soil. Inoculation of soybean seeds with an active shtamm of Nitragin-137 was carried out before sowing the crop. The results show that inoculation of soybean seeds with the Nitragin-137 shtamm has a significant effect on the yield and quality of soybean grain. The yield increases compared to the nitrogen-free option.

Harvest soybeans in making N30 P120 K100 kg/ha, but without inoculation nitrogen was 1,47 t/ha with a yield of 0,47 index. At the same rate of fertilizer (N30 P120 K100 ) and inoculation nitrogen showed a significant increase in grain yield by 0,12 t/ha, where the harvest index was 0,56.

Table 1. Indicators of the effect of nitragine on soybean yield in repeated

crop rotation

№№ Variation

Dry above

ground

biomass at

maturity,

t/ha

Grain

yield,

t/ha

Yield index

%

N30 –with out

nitrogen

2,29c

(0,08)§

1,47b

(0,02)

0,47b

(0,01)

N30 + with

nitrogen

2,49 b

(0,02)

1,59a

(0,03)

0,56a

(0,01)

§ Standard deviation The experiments have shown that the use of nitragine leads to the development of agriculture based on effective plant protection and obtaining high yields with respect for the environment and concern for human health.

Conclusions.

The results of our research in the conditions of irrigated meadow soils of the desert zone of Uzbekistan showed that during the summer cultivation of soybeans after harvesting winter wheat, a relatively favorable ratio of the dry mass of vegetative and generative organs of soybeans with the use of nitragine and low nitrogen norm (N 30 ) against the background of P120 K100 kg/ha, the resulting yield was 1,59 t/ha, dry aboveground biomass 2.49 t/ha, and the mass of 1000 seeds was 124.9 g. Thus, the thrifty attitude and preservation of land fertility and its scientifically-based use is of paramount importance in the intensification of agriculture, in increasing yields, increases the value and importance of land not only as an object of production activity, but also as one of the main components of the biosphere as a whole.

Bibliographic list 1. SAS Institute. 2008. SAS/STAT User’s Guide, Version 9.2. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, North Carolina, USA 2. Х.Аtabayeva “Soybean” Тoshkent 2004, 46 page 3. A. Polthanle and A. Kotcnasatit “Growth, Yield of soyabean” Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 2001,86 page 4.Мирзовалиев М. Соя в повторных посевах. Сельское хозяйства Таджикистана. 2000. - №4. – С.48-49.