EXPLORING THEORIES AND TECHNIQUES IN LITERARY TRANSLATION

TRANSLATION

Dadajanova Aziza Karimullayevna

Teacher, Foreign Philology faculty,

Department of English Linguistics,

The National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek

azizahondadajanova@gmail.com

Annotation: This article is devoted to the importance of literary translation in intercultural communication, particularly, providing mutual communication through literature. Hermeneutic aspects of translation enhances understandability of the text in the target language created through hermeneutic analysis of the translator that was made after reading the original text in the source language. As whatever translated can’t be rendered without hermeneutic definition of the translator, all the occasions which need it distinctly and the ways how to apply it have been offered in the foregoing statements. Key words: Mutual communication through literature, hermeneutic aspects, the source language, proper equivalent, comprehensible option, speech activity.

Annotatsiya: Bu maqola adabiy tarjimaning xalqaro an’nanalarning kommunikatsiyasini muhimligiga bahshlangan, shuningdek, adabiyot sababli bir dilligka kelishish. Germanistik aspektlar tildagi tarjimaning sifatini va uning tushunishni yengillashtirishni oshirish, germanistika orqali esa tarjimoning analitik qobilyatni yetishtirishga tarjima qilingan tekstning o’qib chiqishdan keyin kelib chiqadi. Hich qanday tarjima germanistik anqiliksiz amalga oshirolmayganligi sababli, har bir holatda, uning kerakligi yaqol bilinib turadi, va quyidagi maqolada uning qo’llanish uslublari keltirilgan.

Kalit so‘zlar: adabiyot orqali bir dillik, germanistik aspektlar, tarjima qilinyotgan til, hususiy tenglik, to’g’ri keluvchi misol, nutqiy mehnat. Аннотация: Эта статья посвящена важности литературного перевода в межкультурной коммуникации, в частности, обеспечения взаимного общения через литературу. Герменевтические аспекты перевода улучшают понятность текста на целевом языке, созданного посредством герменевтического анализа переводчика, который был сделан после прочтения исходного текста на исходном языке. Поскольку любой переведенный текст не может быть воспроизведен без герменевтического определения переводчика, все случаи, в которых он явно нужен, и способы его применения были предложены в вышеупомянутых утверждениях. Ключевые слова: взаимное общение через литературу, герменевтические аспекты, исходный язык, собственный эквивалент, приемлемый вариант, Literary translation represents a significant form of intercultural communication, addressing challenges that extend beyond the verbal level. The resolution of these challenges often necessitates a compromise due to the multitude of complexities involved. By facilitating mutual understanding through literature, translation serves as a vital bridge between the Uzbek and English cultures, fostering opportunities for individuals to engage with one another and contributing to the establishment of peaceful relations. In light of the inherent difficulties associated with the translation process, there is a particular emphasis on further exploration of hermeneutic aspects. These aspects constitute a fundamental component of the translation endeavor, enhancing the comprehensibility of the text in the target language through the translator's hermeneutic analysis, which is conducted after an in-depth reading of the original text in the source language. Given that any translation cannot be effectively achieved without the hermeneutic interpretation provided by the translator, the preceding discussion has outlined specific instances where this interpretation is essential, as well as methodologies for its application. The hermeneutic approach is primarily employed to circumvent literal, word-for-word translations, as it facilitates a more coherent and explicit rendering of the original statements. Five main occasions requiring hermeneutic definitions have been discovered through investigation and analysis in the process of translation. Definitions are deployed in two methods, the first one reflects generalization, requiring to express the general meaning of the source text by widening it in the target one, and the second contains concretization where “the meaning prevailing in the source text is shortened according to the context so as to make it explicit for the reader” [1; 384].

According to acquisition of successful literary translations suggestions to deploy hermeneutic definition during translation are offered as follows: Adequate examples from practical experience are being cited simultaneously beneath to support all before mentioned. These examples are extracted from literature of personal translation: 1. Translation of culture-specific items: There have been discovered several methods essential in this solution. • to exchange them with proper equivalent. • to define them hermeneutically within the context representing the item by means of transliteration or transcribing. • to define them hermeneutically by means of personal translation, domesticating on the basis of its role in context. • By defining the item by means of a footnote, either with transcription or with neutralization.

2. Culture or national comprehension-related events and occasions which may seem to be implicit to receptor;

3. When equivalence couldn’t be established for phraseological units, in case they are found but don’t cohere with the context;

4. Proverbs or sayings pertaining to particular nationality and when there’s no equivalent for them;

In some translation ridiculous occasion will be discovered while trying to translate word for word as it could be possible to render this proverb only by means of proper hermeneutic definition i.e. generalization respectively. 5. Expressions possessing emotional colouring;

Considering locally comprehensible option about harvest, this option has been neutralized by preserving the basic content. The above-indicated five occasions requiring hermeneutic definitions within the context now should be translated within the context or if it is a culture-specific item or an event, then it can be hermeneutically defined either within the context or by means of a footnote according to its essence in the context.

What concerns the rest of the occasions such as units of emotional colouring, phraseology and proverbs, they would rather be hermeneutically defined either by means of concretization or generalization. One more point ending in a compromise constantly and which regards hermeneutics is deemed to be foreignization and domestication as the scholars haven’t established distinct solution yet. It’s been preferred to add source-context based “neutralization” into their range. Supposedly it will provide mediation between the theorists who are for domestication and whoever against it. The point is that neutralization helps the translator to preserve both fidelity according to the role of culture-specific items in the context and literary quality of the target text as well as providing the translator invisibility in the text, infusing esthetic pleasure to receptor.

After analyzing the literature translated and surveying many readers of foreign literature, some essential conclusions have been drawn. There are four main options essential in obtaining an adequate translation including equivalence, fidelity, descriptive translation and freedom. The main personal point is that the translator should mediate his attitudes towards them, basically approaching more to freedom and descriptive translation which actually contains hermeneutic definition within. To attract the reader one has to operate first in interest of the culture into which they are translating so that the reader could relish the literary quality of the text. More vividly the translator invisibility should prevail rather than his visibility.

As regards the culture-specific items which are almost impossible to translate should be rendered by means of hermeneutic definition within the context according to its role in it. The point is that “the reader can feel tired of continuous definitions which are usually given in the final part of the book or on the particular page beneath. But translating by preserving grammatical or syntactical coherence with the source text may occasion the target text to loose its literary quality as the sentence structure in two languages can never be identical” [2;188]. Therefore the peculiarities of literary translation worthy or unworthy special analysis and absolute fidelity have been divided into two:

1. Internal or structural properties including linguistic approach i.e. phonetic, syntactical, stylistic, morphological and etc. coherence which don’t require absolute fidelity except some phonetic ones containing transliteration and transcriptions of proper names and other culture-specific items. The point is that, in translation it’s incorrect to transfer the modal verb into model verbs or exchange the plural with plural and other incidentals. It will inhibit the process of natural-sounding of the translation incapacitating the receptor’s esthetic pleasure.

2. External or content properties of translation which may contain cultural and social (e.g. period which context of development relates to) value of the source text. Besides they include orthographic, stylistic accuracy of the target text, maximum approach to semantic content of the source text, neutralization between the target and source text taking into consideration the context basis and pragmatic aspects as well as hermeneutic ones.

Conclusion. From all mentioned above, one can draw a conclusion that hermeneutic aspects are essential not only in accuracy and literary quality of the target text, but also in fidelity towards the source one and preserving its cultural and social value. Being the basis of domestication and foreignization, “hermeneutic definition can be utilized by means of neutralization as well to avoid all the possible compromises between theorists relatively” [4;189]. Besides basic occasions requiring hermeneutic approach have been established respectively most of which concerns preserving cultural value of the source text in a way that literary quality, translator invisibility and adequate fidelity can be provided in the target text. The point is that no matter what type of translation we have, its basis is considered to be hermeneutics as it will prevent word for word translation. In other words this interpretation will activate mutual communication between the receptor and the target text at the same time enhancing introduction with the foreign literature mirroring the way of life, culture, history and etc. all of which concerns the nationality.

Hermeneutic definitions can assist to mediate the contrast available between two different cultures and spiritual comprehension by interpreting what can not be translated at the same time enhancing peaceful relationships, mutual understanding and respect in national culture and literature.

The list of the used literature: 1. Влахов С., Флорин С. Непереводимое в переводе. Монография – М.: Высшая

школа, 1986. 2. Комиссаров В.Н. Современное переводоведение. – М.: ЭТС, 1999. 3. Комиссаров В.Н., Рецкер А.И., Тархов В.И. Пособие по переводу с английского языка на русский. – М.: Издательство литературы на иностранных языках, 1960. 4. Крупнов В.Н. В творческой лаборатории переводчика. – М.:

Международные отношения, 1976. 5. Федоров А.В. Основы общей теории перевода. – М.: Высшая школа,1983. UNGBOEVA, D., & DJUMABAEVA, J. (2023). The types of audiovisual authentic materials and their usage in EFL classrooms. Madiyorova, V. Q., Djumabayeva, J. S., & Bekmuradova, F. N. (2024). Translation and Gender Through the Lens of Native and Foreign Translators: Case Study on the English Translations of Uzbek Feministic Representations. Theory & Practice in Language Studies (TPLS), 14(8).