FILOLOGIYA FANLARI TIZIMIDA ADABIYOTSHUNOSLIK

KIRISH: maqolada tilshunoslik, adabiyotshunoslik, adabiy tanqid badiiy ifoda intizomi sifatida, insoniyatning ma'naviy va madaniy tajribasini tushunishda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Globallashuv, intensiv madaniyatlararo o'zaro ta'sir va badiiy ongning o'zgarishi sharoitida badiiy matnlarni, ularning mafkuraviy va estetik mazmunini hamda tarixiy kontekstini ilmiy asoslangan talqin qilish, adabiy jarayonning rivojlanishidagi naqshlarni aniqlash, davrlar va millatlar bo'yicha badiiy tafakkurning o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini tushunish va adabiyotning boshqa san'at va ijtimoiy ong tizimidagi o'rnini aniqlash imkonini beradi. Bundan tashqari, adabiy tanqidning dolzarbligi uning tilshunoslik, falsafa, tarix va madaniyatshunoslik bilan chambarchas bog'liqligi bilan belgilanadi, bu esa yaxlit gumanitar bilimlarning rivojlanishiga hissa qo'shadi. Zamonaviy ta'lim va tadqiqotlarda adabiy tanqid analitik fikrlash, estetik did va murakkab matnlarni talqin qilish qobiliyatini rivojlantirish uchun muhim vosita bo'lib xizmat qiladi, bu esa bu mavzuni ham nazariy, ham amaliy jihatdan ahamiyatli qiladi. MAQSAD: adabiy tadqiqotlarning asosiy maqsadi adabiy tanqidning badiiy adabiyot bilan bog'liq fan sifatida mohiyatini ochib berish, uning mavzusi, vazifalari va usullarini aniqlash, shuningdek, adabiy matnlarni yetarli darajada talqin qilish mexanizmlarini ishlab chiqish, adabiyotshunoslik va tilshunoslikda badiiy adabiyotni o'rganishning maqsadlari va tamoyillari, yozilgan asarlar tillarning leksik, fonetik va grammatik xususiyatlari, filologik va badiiy tadqiqotlar tizimidagi adabiy tanqidning o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini va uning tilshunoslikdan farqlarini namoyish etishdir MATERIALLAR VA METODLAR: maqolada adabiy ijod ta'limoti, boshqa san'at doirasidagi badiiy adabiyot, badiiy adabiyot sohasi, badiiy adabiyot predmeti, badiiy adabiyotning asosiy funktsiyalari, adabiy asar ta'limoti, adabiy asarning mazmuni va shakli, mavzu va g'oya, syujet va syujet, majoziy tuzilish, adabiy asar tili, she'riy tilning majoziy va ifodali vositalari, adabiy jarayon ta'limoti, adabiyotning tarixiy rivojlanish qonuniyatlari, milliy adabiyotlardagi bosqichma-bosqich jamoalar va mafkuraviy va badiiy farqlar asosida xizmat qiluvchi materiallardan foydalanildi. MUHOKAMA VA NATIJALAR: tadqiqot natijalari adabiyotshunoslik, tilshunoslik, adabiy tanqid, badiiy adabiyotni o'rganish orqali adabiyotshunoslik san'atshunoslik, musiqashunoslik, teatrshunoslik va boshqa san'atshunoslik fanlari, supersistemaning elementi ekanligi, uning kontekstida adabiy hodisa voqelik, yozuvchi va qabul qiluvchi (retseptor) bilan o'zaro bog'liqligi, zamonaviy adabiy tanqid turli janrlari bo`lgan maqolalar, sharhlar, sharhlar, esselar, adabiy portretlar, polemik javoblar va bibliografik yozuvlarni rivojlantirishi, adabiy tanqid muayyan adabiy hodisalarni tahlil qiladi va baholaydi, asosan ularning sifat jihatlariga e'tibor qaratishi, adabiy tanqid adabiy hodisalarni dinamik ravishda va statik ravishda tahlil qiladi va shu jihatdan savodli kadrlarni tayyorlash muhim ahamiyat kasb etishini ko‘rsatadi. XULOSA: zamonaviy adabiy tanqid badiiy adabiyotni mazmuni, shakli, tarixiy rivojlanishi va ijtimoiy-madaniy funktsiyalari bo'yicha o'rganadigan murakkab va ko'p qirrali gumanitar fan sifatida paydo bo'lib, insoniyatning ma'naviy tajribasini aks ettiruvchi san'at shakli va ijtimoiy ong shakli sifatida ko'rib chiqadi. Tahlillar shuni ko'rsatadiki, adabiy tanqidning predmeti adabiy hodisalarning umumiyligi bo'lib, ularning voqelik, muallif va o'quvchi bilan tizimli aloqalarida tushuniladi. Ayniqsa, adabiy asarning tuzilishi va ifodali vositalarini o'rganadigan poetika va badiiy shakllarning evolyutsiyasi naqshlarini ochib beradigan tarixiy poetika muhim ahamiyatga ega. Adabiy tanqidning asosiy metodologik maktablarini o'rganish bizga adabiy tahlilga ilmiy yondashuvlar xilma-xil va universal usul yo'q degan xulosaga kelishga imkon beradi. Har bir maktab adabiy tahlil nazariyasi va amaliyotini rivojlantirishga hissa qo'shib, badiiy ijodkorlik mohiyati haqidagi tushunchamizni kengaytirdi. Umuman olganda, adabiy tanqid gumanitar bilimlarni shakllantirishda, analitik fikrlashni rivojlantirishda va adabiy matnlarni yetarlicha talqin qilish qobiliyatida muhim rol o'ynaydi. Uning ahamiyati, ayniqsa, adabiyot shaxslar, jamiyat va madaniyatni ularning tarixiy va ma'naviy dinamikasida tushunishning muhim vositasi bo'lib qoladigan zamonaviy dunyoda ortib bormoqda.

INTRODUCTION: this article examines the fact that linguistics, literary studies, and literary criticism, as disciplines of artistic expression, play a vital role in understanding the spiritual and cultural experience of humanity. In the context of globalization, intense intercultural interaction, and changes in artistic consciousness, this allows for a scientifically sound interpretation of literary texts, their ideological and aesthetic content, and historical context, the identification of patterns in the development of the literary process, an understanding of the specifics of artistic thinking in different eras and nations, and the determination of literature's place within the system of other arts and public consciousness. Furthermore, the relevance of literary criticism is determined by its close connection with linguistics, philosophy, history, and cultural studies, which contributes to the development of holistic humanities. In modern education and research, literary criticism serves as an important tool for developing analytical thinking, aesthetic taste, and the ability to interpret complex texts, making this subject relevant in both theoretical and practical terms. AIM: the primary goal of literary studies is to reveal the essence of literary criticism as a discipline related to literature, define its subject matter, objectives, and methods, and develop mechanisms for adequately interpreting literary texts. It also demonstrates the goals and principles of literary study in literary studies and linguistics, the lexical, phonetic, and grammatical characteristics of the languages in which works are written, the specifics of literary criticism within the system of philological and artistic studies, and its differences from linguistics. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the article draws on materials that served as the basis for the doctrine of literary creativity, fiction within the framework of other arts, the field of fiction, the subject matter of fiction, the basic functions of fiction, the doctrine of the literary work, the content and form of a literary work, theme and idea, plot and narrative, figurative structure, the language of a literary work, the figurative and expressive means of poetic language, the doctrine of the literary process, the laws of the historical development of literature, the gradual formation of commonalities in national literatures, as well as ideological and artistic differences. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: the results of the study demonstrate that literary criticism, linguistics, literary criticism and the study of fiction, and literary criticism are elements of the supersystem of art criticism, musicology, theater studies, and other art history disciplines. In this context, the literary phenomenon is interconnected with reality, the writer, and the recipient (receptor). Contemporary literary criticism develops various genres of articles, reviews, commentaries, essays, literary portraits, polemical responses, and bibliographical notes. Literary criticism analyzes and evaluates specific literary phenomena, focusing primarily on their qualitative aspects. Literary criticism analyzes literary phenomena dynamically and statically, and in this regard, the training of competent specialists is of great importance. CONCLUSION: contemporary literary criticism has emerged as a complex and multifaceted humanities discipline that studies fiction in terms of its content, form, historical development, and sociocultural functions, and considers it as an art form and a form of social consciousness reflecting the spiritual experience of humanity. Analysis shows that the subject of literary criticism is the totality of literary phenomena, understood in their systematic connection with reality, the author, and the reader. Of particular importance are poetics, which studies the structure and expressive means of a literary work, and historical poetics, which reveals the patterns of the evolution of artistic forms. A study of the main methodological schools of literary criticism reveals the diversity of scholarly approaches to literary analysis and the absence of a universal method. Each school has contributed to the development of the theory and practice of literary analysis, broadening our understanding of the essence of artistic creativity. Overall, literary criticism plays a vital role in the development of humanities knowledge, analytical thinking, and the ability to adequately interpret literary texts. Its importance is particularly heightened in the modern world, where literature remains a vital tool for understanding the individual, society, and culture in their historical and spiritual dynamics.