KIRISH: mif inson bilimi va dunyoni badiiy tushunishning eng qadimgi shaklidir. U turli xalqlarning arxetipal tasvirlari va umuminsoniy qadriyatlarini aks ettiruvchi kognitiv, ta'lim, diniy va madaniy funktsiyalarni bajaradi. Ushbu tadqiqotning dolzarbligi afsonani dunyoqarash va madaniy an'analarning shakllanishiga ta'sir qiluvchi universal hodisa sifatida tushunish zaruratidadir. Miflar shunchaki yaratilish va xudoga o'xshash qahramonlar haqidagi qadimiy ertaklar emas, balki insoniyat ruhini, uning qo'rquvlari, umidlari va intilishlarini aks ettiruvchi oynadir. Ushbu maqolada mifologik tafakkurning kelib chiqishi, afsonalarning asosiy funktsiyalari va tipologiyasi, shuningdek, mifologik qahramonning xususiyatlari o'rganiladi. Mif va uning madaniyatdagi rolini aniqlashga turli ilmiy yondashuvlar tahlil qilinadi, mifologik tafakkurning dunyoni tushunishning universal usuli sifatidagi ahamiyati ta'kidlanadi. MAQSAD: ushbu ishning maqsadi afsonani universal hodisa sifatida o'rganish, uning kelib chiqishi, tipologiyasi va qahramonlik tuzilishini o'rganish hamda madaniy va psixologik arxetiplarning shakllanishidagi rolini aniqlashdir. MATERIALLAR VA USULLAR: turli madaniyatlardan (yunon, rim, hind, slavyan va turkiy mifologiya) mifologik matnlar, mifologiya va madaniy tadqiqotlar bo'yicha ilmiy tadqiqotlar va monografiyalar, arxetiplarning psixologik nazariyalari (Yung, Kempbell), madaniyatlar bo'ylab afsonalar o'rtasidagi o'xshashlik va farqlarni o'rganish uchun tahlil va qiyosiy usullar, afsonaning kelib chiqishini o'rganish uchun tarixiy-genetik usul, afsonaning tuzilishi va funktsiyalarini aniqlash uchun tizimli yondashuv va qahramonlik tuzilishi va arxetiplarini tahlil qilish uchun talqin usuli. NATIJALAR VA MUHOKAMA: mifning kelib chiqishi: Mif tabiiy hodisalarni, ijtimoiy normalarni va diniy e'tiqodlarni tushuntirish usuli sifatida rivojlandi. Psixologik funktsiya: jamoaviy ongsiz va arxetipal tasvirlarni aks ettirish. Ijtimoiy funktsiya: axloqiy va madaniy qadriyatlarni saqlash. Miflar tipologiyasi: Kosmogonik: dunyoning yaratilishi haqida. Teogonik: xudolarning kelib chiqishi haqida. Antropogonik: insonning kelib chiqishi haqida. Esxatologik afsonalar: dunyoning oxiri haqida. Qahramonlik afsonalari: qahramonlarning jasoratlari haqida. Qahramonlik afsonasining tuzilishi: Qahramon sinovlarga duch keladi, g'ayritabiiy yordam oladi, biror jasoratga erishadi va mukofot bilan qaytadi. Qahramon, antagonist, ustoz va yordamchining universal arxetiplari barcha xalqlarning mifologiyalarida uchraydi. "Qahramonning sayohati" modeli (J. Kempbell) sarguzasht bosqichlarini namoyish etadi: kundalik dunyo → chaqirish → sinovlar → g'alaba → qaytish. Miflar jamiyatning qadriyat yo'nalishlarini shakllantirib, ta'lim, madaniy va psixologik funktsiyalarni bajaradi. Qahramonlik afsonalari yaxshilik va yomonlik o'rtasidagi kurash va to'siqlarni yengib o'tishning universal motivlarini aks ettiradi, ularni zamonaviy ta'lim va madaniyatshunoslik uchun dolzarb qiladi. XULOSA: mif insoniyatni ramziy tasvirlar va rivoyatlar orqali birlashtiradigan universal hodisadir. Uning kelib chiqishi insonning kognitiv va ijtimoiy ehtiyojlari bilan bog'liq. Miflarning tipologiyasi inson hayotining turli jihatlarini aks ettiradi va qahramonlik tuzilishi kurash, yengish va o'zgarishning abadiy motivlarini namoyish etadi. Mifni o'rganish jamiyatning madaniy, psixologik va axloqiy qadriyatlarini tushunishga hissa qo'shadi.
INTRODUCTION: myth is the oldest form of human knowledge and artistic comprehension of the world. It performs cognitive, educational, religious, and cultural functions, reflecting archetypal images and universal values of various peoples. The relevance of this study lies in the need to understand myth as a universal phenomenon that influences the formation of worldview and cultural traditions. Myths are not merely ancient tales about the creation of the world and godlike heroes, but also a mirror reflecting the soul of humanity, its fears, hopes, and aspirations. This article examines the origins of mythological thinking, the main functions and typology of myths, as well as the features of the mythological hero. Various scientific approaches to defining myth and its role in culture are analyzed, emphasizing the significance of mythological thinking as a universal way of understanding the world. AIM: the aim of this study is to investigate myth as a universal phenomenon, to examine its origin, typology, and heroic structure, and to identify its role in the formation of cultural and psychological archetypes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the materials include mythological texts from different cultures (Greek, Roman, Indian, Slavic, and Turkic mythologies), scientific studies and monographs on mythology and cultural studies, and psychological theories of archetypes (Jung, Campbell). The methods used include: Analytical and comparative methods for studying similarities and differences in myths across cultures. Historical-genetic method for investigating the origin of myths. Systemic approach to identify the structure and functions of myths. Interpretative method to analyze the heroic structure and archetypes RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: origin of myth: Myth developed as a way to explain natural phenomena, social norms, and religious beliefs. Its psychological function reflects the collective unconscious and archetypal images. Its social function maintains moral and cultural values. Typology of myths: Cosmogonic myths: about the creation of the world. Theogonic myths: about the origin of gods. Anthropogonic myths: about the origin of humans Eschatological myths: about the end of the world.Heroic myths: about the exploits of heroes. Heroic structure of myth: The hero faces challenges, receives help from supernatural forces, performs a feat, and returns with a reward. Universal archetypes of the hero, antagonist, mentor, and helper are found in the mythologies of all peoples. Joseph Campbell’s “hero’s journey” model illustrates the stages of adventure: ordinary world → call to adventure → trials → victory → return. Myths perform educational, cultural, and psychological functions, shaping the value system of society. Heroic myths reflect universal motifs of the struggle between good and evil, overcoming obstacles, which makes them relevant for modern education and cultural studies. CONCLUSION: myth is a universal phenomenon that unites humanity through symbolic images and narratives. Its origin is related to the cognitive and social needs of humans. The typology of myths reflects various aspects of human life, while the heroic structure demonstrates eternal motifs of struggle, overcoming, and transformation. Studying myth contributes to understanding the cultural, psychological, and moral values of society.
ResearcherUz