Kirish: til va adabiyotdagi reallik tushunchasi milliy madaniyatni ifodalaydi. realliklar xalqning urf-odati, kundalik hayoti va ijtimoiy amaliyotini aks ettiruvchi birliklardir. Maqsad: realliklarning semantik va etimologik xususiyatlarini tahlil qilish, ularni neologizm, arxaizm va tarixiylikka ajratish hamda ularning milliy madaniyat bilan bog‘liqligini ko‘rsatish. Materiallar va metodlar: tavsifiy lingvistik tahlil, etimologik tasnif va madaniy izoh metodlari qo‘llanildi. sumalak, chuchvara, xonim kabi misollar milliy realliklarni yoritishda ishlatildi. Natijalar va muhokama: neologizmlar yangi madaniy unsurlarni ifodalasa, arxaizmlar milliy hayotning tarixiy shakllarini saqlaydi, tarixiylik esa muayyan davrga xos realliklarni aks ettiradi. sinxron tahlil ularning hozirgi qo‘llanilishini, diaxron tahlil esa vaqt davomida rivojlanishini ko‘rsatadi. Xulosa: realliklar madaniyatdan ajralmas bo‘lib, milliy o‘zlikning lingvistik belgisi sifatida xizmat qiladi. ularni neologizm, arxaizm va tarixiylikka ajratish til, tarix va jamiyat o‘rtasidagi dinamik munosabatni yoritadi.
Introduction: the concept of reality in linguistics and literature reflects the cultural identity of a nation. realities are words and expressions that embody national traditions, everyday life, and social practices. Purpose: to analyze the semantic and etymological features of realities, focusing on their classification into neologisms, archaisms, and historicisms, and to highlight their connection with national culture. Materials and Methods: the study applies descriptive linguistic analysis, etymological classification, and cultural interpretation. examples such as sumalak, chuchvara, and khanim are examined to illustrate the national characteristics of realities. Results and Discussion: findings show that neologisms represent newly introduced cultural elements, archaisms preserve historical forms of national life, and historicisms reflect realities tied to specific historical epochs. the synchronic study reveals their current usage, while diachronic analysis highlights their evolution across time. Conclusion: realities are inseparable from culture, serving as linguistic markers of national identity. their classification into neologisms, archaisms, and historicisms provides insight into the dynamic relationship between language, history, and society.
ResearcherUz