KIRISH: mazkur ilmiy maqola tibbiyotning rivojlanishiga katta xissa qoʻshgan vatandoshimiz Abu Rayhon Beruniy farmakologiya fanining rivojlanishida va bemorlarning davolashda dorilarning qoʻllash usullari, dori shakllariga bagʻishlangan. Hozirda ham bu imiy, tibbiy maʻlumotlar saqlanib qolganligi va kelajak avlodga qoʻllanma boʻlib xizmat qilayotganligi myhim ahamyatga ega hisoblanadi. Abu Rayhon Beruniy bobomizning farmakologiya fani tarixida buyuk ulkan mavqega ega. Uning «Saydana» asarida XI asrda ma’lum bo‘lgan dori turlari, to‘rt yarim mingdan ortiq o'simliklar, hayvonlar, minerallar va ulardan olinadigan ozuqalaming nomlari va izohlari keltirilgan bo’lib jahon tibbiyot ilmida tutgan oʻrni benihoyat beqiyosdir. MAQSAD: ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi Abu Rayhon Beruniyning "Kitob asSaydana fi at-tibb" (Farmakognoziya) asari tahlili asosida uning dorivor moddalar klassifikatsiyasi, terminologiyasi va farmatsevtik preparatlarni tayyorlash uslublarini ilmiy jihatdan asoslash hamda olimning zamonaviy farmakologiya faniga qo‘shgan nazariy va amaliy hissasini yoritib berishdir. MATERIALLAR VA METODLAR: tadqiqot jarayonida asosiy manba sifatida Abu Rayhon Beruniyning "Kitob as-Saydana" asarining tanqidiy matni va uning ilmiy tarjimalari tanlab olindi. Tadqiqot metodologiyasi bir necha yondashuvni qamrab oladi: tarixiy-qiyosiy tahlil usuli orqali Beruniy davridagi farmakologik qarashlar zamonaviy farmakopeya talablari bilan solishtirildi. Shuningdek, filologik tahlil usuli yordamida asarda keltirilgan dorivor o‘simliklar nomlarining arab, fors, turkiy, yunon va hind tillaridagi ekvivalentlari aniqlandi. Bundan tashqari, dorivor vositalarni kelib chiqishi va ta’sir doirasiga ko‘ra guruhlashda tizimlashtirish metodidan samarali foydalanildi. NATIJALAR VA MUHOKAMA: Abu Rayhon Beruniyning farmakologiyaga qo‘shgan hissasi o‘ziga xosligi bilan ajralib turadi. Olim o‘z asarida mingdan ortiq dorivor moddalarning nomlarini aniqlab, ularning o‘zaro sinonimlarini keltirganligi bilan davr uchun misli ko‘rilmagan "farmatsevtik lug‘at" yaratdi. U dori vositalarini kelib chiqish manbalari – o‘simlik, hayvonot va mineral dunyosiga ko‘ra sinflarga ajratishda qat’iy tizimni joriy etdi. Shuningdek, Beruniy dori vositalarining sifatini aniqlash, ularni to‘g‘ri saqlash va dorilarning qalbakilashtirilishiga yo‘l qo‘ymaslik bo‘yicha fundamental tavsiyalar ishlab chiqdi. Muhokama shuni ko‘rsatadiki, Beruniy farmakologiyani shunchaki tabobatning bir qismi deb emas, balki "saydanat" nomi ostida alohida mustaqil fan sifatida ko‘rib chiqqan. Olimning dorivor moddalarning kimyoviy xususiyatlariga, ularning ta’sir mexanizmlariga chuqur e’tibor qaratishi zamonaviy farmakokinetika va farmakodinamika tamoyillarining tarixiy asoslari va dastlabki kurtaklari sifatida baholanadi. XULOSA: Abu Rayhon Beruniyning "Kitob as-Saydana" asari farmakologiya tarixidagi eng fundamental asarlardan biri bo‘lib, u nafaqat o‘z davri uchun ensiklopedik ahamiyatga ega, balki bugungi farmatsiya fani uchun ham metodologik baza vazifasini o‘taydi. Olimning dori vositalarini ilmiy tizimga solishi, terminologik aniqlikka erishishi va moddalarning sifat nazoratiga alohida yondashishi farmakologiyani empirik amaliyotdan ilmiy-nazariy darajaga ko‘targan.
INTRODUCTION: this scientific article is devoted to the methods of application of drugs, drug forms in the development of pharmacological science and treatment of patients of our compatriot Abu Rayhon Beruniy, who greatly contributed to the development of Medicine.nnotation. This scientific article is devoted to the methods of application of drugs, drug forms in the development of pharmacological science and treatment of patients of our compatriot Abu Rayhon Beruniy, who greatly contributed to the development of Medicine. It is still considered to be of myhim significance that this image, medical data, is preserved and serves as a guide to the future generation. Abu Rayhon Beruniy occupies a great great position in the history of the science of pharmacology of our grandfather. His "Saydana" gives the names and explanations of the types of drugs known in the 11th century, more than four and a half thousand plants, animals, minerals and the nutrients obtained from them, and his role in World Medical Science is incomparable. AIM: The objective of this study is to provide a scientific basis for the classification of medicinal substances, terminology, and pharmaceutical preparation methods described in Abu Rayhan Beruni's "Kitab al-Saydala fi al-Tibb" (Pharmacognosy), as well as to highlight the scholar's theoretical and practical contribution to the development of modern pharmacology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The primary source for this research was the critical text of Abu Rayhan Beruni's "Kitab al-Saydala" and its scholarly translations. The research methodology encompasses several approaches: through historical-comparative analysis, the pharmacological perspectives of Beruni's era were compared with modern pharmacopoeia standards. Furthermore, philological analysis was employed to identify the equivalents of medicinal plant names mentioned in the work across Arabic, Persian, Turkic, Greek, and Indian languages. In addition, a systematic method was effectively used to categorize medicinal agents based on their origin and spectrum of action. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Beruni's contribution to pharmacology is distinct in its uniqueness. By defining the names of over a thousand medicinal substances and providing their synonyms, the scholar created an unprecedented "pharmaceutical dictionary" for that era. He introduced a rigorous system for classifying drugs according to their origins—plant, animal, and mineral. Moreover, Beruni developed fundamental recommendations for quality control, proper storage, and the prevention of drug adulteration. The discussion indicates that Beruni viewed pharmacology not merely as a subset of medicine, but as an independent science known as "saydala." His profound focus on the chemical properties of medicinal substances and their mechanisms of action is regarded as the historical foundation and early development of the principles of modern pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. CONCLUSION: Abu Rayhan Beruni's "Kitab al-Saydala" stands as one of the most fundamental works in the history of pharmacology. It possesses not only encyclopedic value for its time but also serves as a methodological foundation for modern pharmaceutical science. The scholar's systematization of drugs, achievement of terminological precision, and dedicated approach to quality control elevated pharmacology from an empirical practice to a scientific-theoretical level.
ResearcherUz