MUSTAQILLIK ARAFASIDA O`ZBEKISTONDA TURIZM SOHASINING HOLATI

mazkur maqolada XX asrning so‘nggi choragida jahon turizm sohasining jadal rivojlanishi hamda uning ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy ahamiyati yoritilgan. Xususan, 1980–1990- yillarda xalqaro turizm oqimlari va daromadlarining keskin oshishi turizmning strategik tarmoqqa aylanganini ko‘rsatib berilgan. Shu bilan birga, sovet davrida O‘zbekistonda turizm sohasining rivojlanishiga to‘sqinlik qilgan omillar, jumladan, markazlashgan boshqaruv tizimi, mablag‘ yetishmasligi, infratuzilmaning sust rivojlanganligi va mafkuraviy yondashuv tahlil etilgan. Maqolada 1950–1990-yillar davomida mavjud muammo va kamchiliklar bilan bir qatorda ayrim ijobiy o‘zgarishlar ham ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Statistik ma’lumotlar asosida turizm ko‘rsatkichlarining o‘sish dinamikasi ochib berilib, 1985–1990-yillarda sohada yuzaga kelgan inqiroz sabablari asoslantirilgan. Yakunda, O‘zbekistonda turizmni rivojlantirishda mustaqil boshqaruv, infratuzilmani rivojlantirish va bozor mexanizmlarini joriy etish zarurligi xulosa sifatida ilgari surilgan.

this article examines the rapid development of the global tourism industry in the last quarter of the 20th century and highlights its growing socio-economic importance. In particular, the sharp increase in international tourist flows and revenues during 1980–1990 demonstrates the transformation of tourism into a strategic sector of the economy. At the same time, the paper analyzes the factors that hindered the development of tourism in Uzbekistan during the Soviet period, including centralized governance, insufficient funding, underdeveloped infrastructure, and ideological constraints. Along with existing problems and shortcomings, certain positive developments in the tourism sector between 1950 and 1990 are also discussed. Based on statistical data, the dynamics of tourism growth are revealed, and the causes of the crisis in the sector during 1985–1990 are substantiated. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of independent management, infrastructure development, and the introduction of market mechanisms for the advancement of tourism in Uzbekistan.