KIRISH: zamonaviy ta’lim tizimida o‘quvchilarning nafaqat nazariy bilimlarni egallashi, balki amaliy hayotiy va kasbiy ko‘nikmalarga ega bo‘lishi muhim ahamiyat kasb etmoqda. Ayniqsa, umumta’lim maktablarining 9-sinf bosqichi o‘quvchilar hayotida muhim burilish davri hisoblanadi. Ushbu bosqichda o‘quvchilar kelajak kasbini tanlash, mustaqil qaror qabul qilish, ijtimoiy moslashuv kabi muhim masalalarga duch keladilar. Ilmiy-pedagogik adabiyotlar tahlili shuni ko‘rsatadiki, hayotiy va kasbiy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish masalasi ko‘plab mahalliy va xorijiy olimlar tomonidan o‘rganilgan. Biroq, ushbu jarayonni aynan 9-sinf o‘quvchilari kesimida tizimli tashkil etish, metodik ta’minotini boyitish hamda innovatsion yondashuvlarni joriy etish dolzarb muammo bo‘lib qolmoqda. MAQSAD: mazkur tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi umumta’lim maktablarining 9-sinf o‘quvchilarida hayotiy va kasbiy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish muammosining o‘rganilganlik darajasini tahlil qilish hamda uni rivojlantirish yo‘llarini aniqlashdan iborat. MATERIALLAR VA METODLAR: tadqiqot jarayonida quyidagi metodlardan foydalanildi: Ilmiy adabiyotlarni tahlil qilish metodi – mavzuga oid pedagogik, psixologik va metodik manbalarni o‘rganish orqali muammoning nazariy asoslari aniqlashtirildi. Qiyosiy-tahliliy metod – turli olimlarning qarashlari va yondashuvlari o‘zaro solishtirildi. Kuzatish metodi – maktab amaliyotida o‘quvchilarning kasbiy yo‘naltirilish darajasi o‘rganildi. So‘rovnoma va suhbat – o‘quvchilar va o‘qituvchilarning fikr-mulohazalari asosida mavjud holat baholandi. Tadqiqot materiali sifatida umumta’lim maktablari faoliyati, davlat ta’lim standartlari, o‘quv dasturlari hamda ilmiy maqolalar xizmat qildi. MUHOKAMA VA NATIJALAR: tahlillar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, hayotiy va kasbiy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish masalasi bir necha yo‘nalishda o‘rganilgan: Pedagogik yondashuvlar asosida – o‘quvchilarda mustaqil fikrlash, muammoli vaziyatlarni hal etish, kommunikativ kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirish muhimligi ta’kidlangan. Psixologik nuqtai nazardan – o‘smirlik davrida kasbga qiziqish va o‘zini anglash jarayoni faol kechishi aniqlangan. Kasbiy yo‘naltirish tizimi orqali – maktablarda kasb tanlashga yo‘naltirish ishlari mavjud bo‘lsa-da, ular ko‘pincha nazariy xarakterda qolib ketmoqda. Shuningdek, amaliyotda quyidagi muammolar aniqlandi: kasbiy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirishda tizimlilik yetishmasligi; o‘quv dasturlarida amaliy mashg‘ulotlar ulushining kamligi; zamonaviy kasblar haqida yetarli ma’lumot berilmasligi; o‘quvchilarning individual qiziqishlari to‘liq hisobga olinmasligi. Muhokama natijasida shuni ta’kidlash mumkinki, hayotiy va kasbiy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirishda integrativ yondashuv, ya’ni fanlararo bog‘liqlik, innovatsion texnologiyalar va amaliy mashg‘ulotlarni kuchaytirish zarur. XULOSA: umumta’lim maktablarining 9-sinf o‘quvchilarida hayotiy va kasbiy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish muammosi yetarli darajada o‘rganilgan bo‘lsa-da, uni amaliyotga samarali joriy etishda muayyan kamchiliklar mavjud. Ushbu muammoni hal etish uchun quyidagilar muhim hisoblanadi: o‘quv jarayoniga amaliy va kasbiy yo‘naltirilgan metodlarni joriy etish; o‘quvchilarning qiziqish va ehtiyojlarini hisobga olgan holda individual yondashuvni kuchaytirish; zamonaviy kasblar va mehnat bozori talablariga mos kompetensiyalarni rivojlantirish; maktab, oila va jamiyat hamkorligini mustahkamlash.
INTRODUCTION: in the modern education system, it is important not only for students to acquire theoretical knowledge, but also to develop practical life and professional skills. The 9th grade of general secondary school is considered a particularly important transitional stage in students’ lives. At this stage, students face crucial issues such as choosing a future profession, making independent decisions, and adapting socially. An analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature shows that the problem of forming life and professional skills has been studied by many local and foreign scholars. However, organizing this process systematically specifically for 9th grade students, improving its methodological support, and introducing innovative approaches remain актуal issues. AIM: the main aim of this study is to analyze the level of research on the problem of forming life and professional skills in 9th grade students of general secondary schools and to identify ways to improve it. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the following methods were used in the research process: Analysis of scientific literature – studying pedagogical, psychological, and methodological sources to determine the theoretical foundations of the problem; Comparative-analytical method – comparing different scientific approaches and viewpoints; Observation method – examining the level of students’ career orientation in school practice; Survey and interview – assessing the current situation based on the opinions of students and teachers. The research materials included the activities of general secondary schools, state educational standards, curricula, and scientific articles. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: the analysis showed that the issue of forming life and professional skills has been studied in several directions: From a pedagogical perspective – emphasizing the importance of developing independent thinking, problemsolving skills, and communicative competencies in students; From a psychological perspective – it has been determined that during adolescence, professional interests and self-awareness actively develop; Through the career guidance system – although career guidance activities exist in schools, they are often mostly theoretical in nature. At the same time, the following problems were identified in practice: lack of systematic approach in forming professional skills; insufficient proportion of practical training in curricula; lack of information about modern professions; insufficient consideration of students’ individual interests. The discussion results indicate that an integrative approach is necessary for the effective formation of life and professional skills, including interdisciplinary connections, the use of innovative technologies, and strengthening practical training. CONCLUSION: although the problem of forming life and professional skills in 9th grade students has been sufficiently studied, there are certain shortcomings in its practical implementation. To address these issues, it is necessary to: introduce practiceoriented and professionally focused teaching methods; strengthen an individual approach based on students’ interests and needs; develop competencies that meet the demands of the modern labor market; enhance cooperation between school, family, and society.
ResearcherUz