VOLTERNING "ORLEAN XIZMATI" ASARINDAGI OB'YAZLARNING XUSUSIYATLARI

KIRISH: ushbu maqolada Volterning "Orlean xizmatkori" she'rining xarakteristikasi ko'rib chiqiladi. Janna d'Ark markaziy qahramon sifatida tahlil qilinadi, satirik va kinoyali tarzda tasvirlangan. Muallif Karl VII, farishtalar, jinlar va ikkinchi darajali qahramonlarning xususiyatlarini o'rganadi, ular orqali u hokimiyatning zaifligini ochib beradi va diniy fanatizm va ijtimoiy illatlarni tanqid qiladi. Ushbu obrazlarning satirik vazifasi va ularning 18-asr rasmiy afsonalari va dogmalarini fosh qilishdagi roli haqida xulosa chiqariladi. 18-asr fransuz faylasufi va yozuvchisi Volterning asari jahon adabiyoti tarixida muhim o'rin tutadi. Uning "Orlean xizmatkori" asari muallif Janna d'Ark obrazi bilan bog'liq tarixiy voqealar va qahramonlarni kinoyali va tanqidiy tarzda tasvirlaydigan satirik she'rdir. Ushbu asarda Volter jamiyat, diniy e'tiqodlar va inson xarakterining qarama-qarshiliklarini ochib berish uchun satira, istehzo va grotesk kabi badiiy texnikalardan foydalanadi. Ushbu she'rdagi obrazlarni tahlil qilish muallifning pozitsiyasini va uning badiiy usulining xususiyatlarini chuqurroq tushunish imkonini beradi. MAQSAD: ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi Volterning "Orlean xizmatkori" asaridagi asosiy obrazlarni tahlil qilish va tavsiflash, shuningdek, ularning muallifning satirasi va dunyoqarashini ochib berishdagi badiiy va mafkuraviy rolini aniqlashdir. MATERIALLAR VA USULLAR: Volterning "Orlean xizmatkori" she'ri matni asosiy tadqiqot materiali sifatida ishlatiladi. Tadqiqotda adabiy tahlil, qiyosiy tarixiy tahlil va obrazlarni badiiy talqin qilish usullari qo'llaniladi. NATIJALAR VA MUHOKAMA: Volterning asarida Janna d'Arkga alohida urg'u berilgan bo'lib, uni nafaqat tarixiy shaxs sifatida, balki satirik qayta talqin qilingan badiiy qahramon sifatida ham taqdim etadi. Muallif ataylab an'anaviy qahramonona tasvirlardan chetga chiqib, istehzo va parodiya elementlarini birlashtirgan personaj yaratadi. Asardagi boshqa personajlar - qirol Karl VII, diniy arboblar va ritsarlar ham satirik nigoh bilan tasvirlangan. Volter ularning zaif tomonlarini, insoniy kamchiliklarini va qarama-qarshiliklarini fosh qiladi va shu bilan o'z davrining ijtimoiy va diniy institutlarini tanqid qiladi. She'r tasvirlarining o'ziga xos xususiyati shundaki, unda grotesk va yumordan foydalanish muallifga nafaqat o'quvchini ko'ngil ochish, balki hokimiyat, din va axloq masalalari bo'yicha mulohaza yuritishga imkon beradi. Shunday qilib, she'r personajlari nafaqat badiiy, balki mafkuraviy jihatdan tanqidiy vazifani ham bajaradi. NATIJALAR VA MUHOKAMA: dostonning markaziy siymolaridan biri Jan d'Ark bo‘lib, u nafaqat tarixiy shaxs, balki satira orqali talqin qilingan adabiy qahramon sifatida ham taqdim etilgan. Volter qasddan an'anaviy qahramonlik tasviridan uzoqlashadi hamda o‘zida istehzo va parodiya elementlarini mujassam etgan obrazni yaratadi. Dostondagi boshqa qahramonlar, jumladan, qirol Karl VII, ritsarlar va diniy arboblar ham satirik xususiyatlar bilan tasvirlangan. Ushbu qahramonlar orqali Volter insoniy zaifliklar va ijtimoiy ziddiyatlarni fosh etadi. Muallif diniy institutlarni, siyosiy hokimiyatni va jamiyatdagi axloqiy ikkiyuzlamachilikni tanqid ostiga oladi. Dostondagi qahramonlar tizimi yumor, mubolag‘a va grotesk elementlaridan foydalanilganligi bilan ajralib turadi. Bunday badiiy usullar yozuvchiga kitobxonni ko‘nglini xushnud etish bilan bir qatorda, uni hokimiyat, din va axloq masalalari haqida mulohaza yuritishga undash imkonini beradi. XULOSA: shunday qilib, Volterning "Orleanlik xizmatkor" asaridagi tasvirlarni tahlil qilish shuni ko'rsatadiki, muallif o'zining satirik pozitsiyasini ifodalash uchun personajlar tizimidan foydalanadi. Ushbu personajlar orqali Volter jamiyatning kamchiliklarini ochib beradi va diniy dogmalar va ijtimoiy tartibni tanqid qiladi. She'rning badiiy o'ziga xosligi tarixiy mavzularni satira, istehzo va parodiya elementlari bilan uyg'unlashtirishda yotadi.

INTRODUCTION: the article examines the features of character depiction in Voltaire’s poem “The Maid of Orleans.” The image of Joan of Arc as the central heroine is analyzed, presented in a satirical and ironic manner. The characteristics of Charles VII, angels, demons, and secondary characters are also considered, through whom the author reveals the weakness of power and criticizes religious fanaticism and social vices. The study concludes that the characters perform a satirical function and play an important role in exposing the official myths and dogmas of the eighteenth century. The works of the French philosopher and writer of the eighteenth century, Voltaire, occupy an important place in the history of world literature. His work “The Maid of Orleans” is a satirical poem in which the author portrays historical events and heroes associated with the image of Joan of Arc from an ironic and critical perspective. In this work, Voltaire uses artistic techniques such as satire, irony, and grotesque to reveal the contradictions of society, religious beliefs, and human character. The analysis of the characters in this poem allows a deeper understanding of the author’s position and the peculiarities of his artistic method. AIM: the purpose of this study is to analyze and characterize the main characters in Voltaire’s work “The Maid of Orleans” and to determine their artistic and ideological role in revealing the author’s satirical ideas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the primary material for this research is Voltaire’s poem “The Maid of Orleans.” The study uses methods of literary analysis, comparative-historical analysis, and artistic interpretation to examine the characters and their functions within the text. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: one of the central figures of the poem is Joan of Arc, who is presented not only as a historical personality but also as a literary character interpreted through satire. Voltaire intentionally moves away from the traditional heroic representation and creates a character that combines elements of irony and parody. Other characters in the poem, including King Charles VII, knights, and religious figures, are also portrayed with satirical features. Through these characters, Voltaire exposes human weaknesses and social contradictions. The author criticizes religious institutions, political power, and the moral hypocrisy of society. The system of characters in the poem is characterized by the use of humor, exaggeration, and grotesque elements. These artistic techniques allow the writer to entertain the reader while simultaneously encouraging reflection on issues of authority, religion, and morality. CONCLUSION: in conclusion, the analysis of characters in Voltaire’s “The Maid of Orleans” shows that the author uses them as a means of expressing his satirical worldview. Through these images, Voltaire reveals the flaws of society and criticizes religious dogmatism and social injustice. The artistic originality of the poem lies in the combination of historical themes with satire, irony, and parody.