A.S. PUSHKIN VA N. V. GOGOL ASARLARIDA «KICHIK ODAM» OBRAZINING IJTIMOIY VA EKZISTENSIAL ASPEKTLARI

KIRISH: maqolada XIX asr rus adabiyotida «kichik odam» obrazi A. S. Pushkin va N. V. Gogol asarlari misolida tahlil qilinadi. Ushbu obrazning shakllanishiga ta’sir etgan ijtimoiy-tarixiy sharoitlar, shuningdek, mazkur badiiy kategoriya talqiniga oid adabiyotshunoslik va falsafiy yondashuvlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Obrazning ekzistensial muammolari shakllanishida ijtimoiy muhit va byurokratik tizimning tutgan o‘rni alohida yoritiladi. MAQSAD: maqolaning maqsadi A. S. Pushkin va N. V. Gogol asarlarida «kichik odam» obrazining ijtimoiy va ekzistensial jihatlarini kompleks tarzda o‘rganish hamda uning XIX asr rus adabiyotidagi g‘oyaviy-badiiy ahamiyatini aniqlashdan iborat. MATERIALLAR VA METODLAR: tadqiqotda A. S. Pushkin va N. V. Gogolning badiiy asarlari matnlari hamda mahalliy adabiyotshunos olimlarning ilmiy ishlari asosiy manba sifatida foydalanildi. Tadqiqot jarayonida dialektik yondashuv, tahlil va sintez, tarixiy-adabiy, qiyosiy-tipologik va strukturaviy-semantik metodlar, shuningdek, falsafiy va germenevtik tahlil elementlari qo‘llanildi. MUHOKAMA VA NATIJALAR: tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatdiki, Pushkin va Gogol ijodida «kichik odam» obrazi ijtimoiy jihatdan shartlangan badiiy tipdan shaxsning ekzistensial zaifligini ifodalovchi falsafiy timsol darajasigacha rivojlanadi. Pushkin asarlarida gumanistik tamoyillar ustuvor bo‘lsa, Gogol ijodida ijtimoiy muammo begonalashuv va hayot mazmunining yo‘qolishi bilan bog‘liq fojiaga aylanadi. XULOSA: xulosa qilib aytganda, A. S. Pushkin va N. V. Gogol asarlarida «kichik odam» obrazi davrga xos asosiy ijtimoiy va ekzistensial ziddiyatlarni aks ettiradi hamda rus adabiyotida gumanistik va falsafiy an’analar shakllanishida muhim o‘rin egallaydi. Ushbu obrazni o‘rganish zamonaviy adabiyotshunoslik va gumanitar tadqiqotlar uchun muhim ilmiy ahamiyatga ega.

INTRODUCTION: the article examines the image of the “little man” in Russian literature of the nineteenth century based on the works of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol. The socio-historical context of the formation of this image is analyzed, as well as literary and philosophical approaches to the interpretation of this artistic category. Particular attention is paid to the role of the social environment and the bureaucratic system in shaping the existential problematic of the image AIM: the aim of the article is a comprehensive study of the social and existential aspects of the image of the “little man” in the works of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol, as well as the identification of its ideological and artistic significance in the development of Russian literature of the nineteenth century. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the study is based on the texts of literary works by A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol, as well as scholarly works by Russian literary critics. The main research methods include a dialectical approach, analysis and synthesis, historicalliterary, comparative-typological and structural-semantic methods, as well as elements of philosophical and hermeneutic analysis. DISCUSSION AND RESULTS: the results of the study show that in the works of Pushkin and Gogol the image of the “little man” evolves from a socially conditioned literary type into a philosophical symbol of the existential vulnerability of the individual. It is established that humanistic principles prevail in Pushkin’s works, whereas in Gogol’s prose the social problem develops into a tragedy of alienation and loss of the meaning of existence. CONCLUSION: in conclusion, it should be noted that the image of the “little man” in the works of A. S. Pushkin and N. V. Gogol reflects the key social and existential contradictions of the era and plays an important role in the formation of humanistic and philosophical traditions in Russian literature. Its study is of significant scholarly value for contemporary literary studies and the humanities.