FRAZEOLOGIK BIRLIKLARNING MILLIY-MADANIY JIHATI VA TILLARARO EKVIVALENTLIK MUAMMOLARI

KIRISH: frazeologik birliklar har qanday tilning muhim qismi bo'lib, xalqning milliy va madaniy xususiyatlarini aks ettiradi. Ular tarixiy tajriba, an'analar, urf-odatlar va jamiyat dunyoqarashi asosida shakllanadi. Ushbu turkum iboralar xalqning tafakkuri, turmush tarzi va ma'naviy qadriyatlarining o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini o'zida mujassam etadi. Frazeologik birliklarni milliy va madaniy nuqtai nazardan o'rganish til va madaniyat o'rtasidagi munosabatni, shuningdek, ularning turli tillardagi faoliyatining o'ziga xos xususiyatlarini chuqurroq tushunish imkonini beradi. MAQSAD: ushbu tadqiqotning maqsadi frazeologik birliklarni ularning milliy va madaniy o'ziga xosligi nuqtai nazaridan tahlil qilish, shuningdek, turli tillardan turkum iboralarni tarjima qilish va taqqoslashda tillararo ekvivalentlik masalalarini aniqlashdir. MATERIALLAR VA USULLAR: Tadqiqot materiallari frazeologik lug'atlar, badiiy adabiyot va ilmiy manbalardan tanlangan frazeologik birliklardan iborat edi. Tadqiqotda qiyosiy tahlil, lingvomadaniy tahlil, tavsif usullari va semantik tahlil usullari qo'llanildi. MATERIALLAR VA METODLAR: tadqiqot materiali frazeologik lug‘atlar, badiiy asarlar va ilmiy manbalardan saralab olingan frazeologik birliklardan iborat. Tadqiqot jarayonida qiyosiy tahlil, lingvomadaniy tahlil, tavsifiy metod, shuningdek, semantik tahlil metodlaridan foydalanildi. NATIJALAR VA MUHOKAMA: tadqiqot shuni ko'rsatdiki, ko'plab frazeologik birliklar xalqning madaniy voqeligi bilan chambarchas bog'liq va ularning an'analari, urf-odatlari va milliy qadriyatlarini aks ettiradi. Turli tillarda frazeologik birliklarning to'liq va qisman ekvivalentlari bo'lishi mumkin. Biroq, ba'zi hollarda ekvivalentlar yo'q bo'lib, tarjimada muayyan qiyinchiliklar tug'diradi. Bunday vaziyatlarda turli xil tarjima strategiyalari qo'llaniladi: o'xshash iboralarni tanlash, tavsifli tarjima yoki frazeologik birlikni o'xshash ibora bilan almashtirish. XULOSA: shunday qilib, frazeologik birliklar dunyoning lingvistik manzarasining muhim elementi bo'lib, xalqning madaniy o'ziga xosligini aks ettiradi. Ularni milliy-madaniy nuqtai nazardan o'rganish til va madaniyatni chuqurroq tushunishga hissa qo'shadi. Tillararo ekvivalentlik muammolari tarjima paytida ehtiyotkorlik bilan yondashuvni talab qiladi, bu madaniyatlararo muloqot uchun katta ahamiyatga ega.

INTRODUCTION: phraseological units are an important part of any language and reflect the national and cultural characteristics of a people. They are formed on the basis of historical experience, traditions, customs, and the worldview of society. Stable expressions preserve the peculiarities of thinking, lifestyle, and spiritual values of a nation. The study of phraseological units in the national and cultural aspect allows for a deeper understanding of the relationship between language and culture, as well as the identification of the features of their functioning in different languages. AIM: the purpose of the research is to analyze phraseological units from the point of view of their national and cultural specificity, as well as to identify the problems of interlingual equivalence in the translation and comparison of stable expressions in different languages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: the research material consists of phraseological units selected from phraseological dictionaries, works of fiction, and scientific sources. The study uses methods of comparative analysis, linguocultural analysis, the descriptive method, as well as the method of semantic analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: the research has shown that many phraseological units are closely connected with the cultural realities of a people and reflect their traditions, customs, and national values. In different languages, there may exist both full and partial equivalents of phraseological units. However, in some cases equivalents are absent, which creates certain difficulties in translation. In such situations, various translation strategies are used: selecting analogous expressions, descriptive translation, or replacing the phraseological unit with an expression close in meaning. CONCLUSION: thus, phraseological units are an important element of the linguistic worldview and reflect the cultural specificity of a people. Their study in the national and cultural aspect contributes to a deeper understanding of language and culture. The problems of interlingual equivalence require careful consideration in translation, which is of great importance for intercultural communication.